Pengalaman wartawan dalam news hunting berita kriminal : Studi fenomenologi wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya

Lestari, Sipa Suci (2025) Pengalaman wartawan dalam news hunting berita kriminal : Studi fenomenologi wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Berita kriminal merupakan isu yang sangat digandrungi oleh banyak khalayak. Meskipun berita kriminal sangat sensitif dan menakutkan, namun, banyak masyarakat dari seluruh lapisan akan merasa tertarik untuk menikmatinya. Kedudukan berita kriminal sangat special di media massa, diantaranya media online Detik.com Bandung Raya yang berhasil mempublikasi 89 berita kriminal pada 01 sampai 30 September 2024 yang kuantitasnya lebih besar dibandingkan Tribun Jabar yang hanya mempublikasi 54 berita kriminal dalam kurun waktu yang sama. Data ini menjadi dasar yang kuat bahwa wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya lebih unggul dibandingkan media pesaing tribun Jabar dalam kegiatan news hunting berita kriminal, meskipun liputan berita kriminal dikenal sebagai liputan yang sangat sulit dan penuh tantangan dibandingkan meliput isu lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini merujuk pada konsep news hunting, maka turunan pertanyaannya yaitu untuk mengetahui pengalaman wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya dalam observasi, wawancara, riset data, dan investigasi berita kriminal. Peneliti menggunakan teori fenomenologi Alfred Schutz karena ingin mengetahui pengalaman wartawan Detik.com dalam news hunting berita kriminal. Objek penelitian ini adalah wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya. Peneliti menggunakan paradigma kontruktivis karena ingin mengetahui pemahaman wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya dalam pengalaman news hunting berita kriminal. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi dan metode kualitatif karena mengulik informasi tentang pengalaman. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya dalam observasi berita kriminal dilakukan secara langsung ke TKP dan menghadapi beragam tantangan yaitu mencium aroma mayat, sulit mendapatkan informasi, dan membangun link. Beberapa wartawan merasakan kejanggalan namun tidak diselidiki lebih lanjut. Hasil observasi dikemas menjadi berita menarik berdasarkan nilai berita, sudut pandang, dan komplesitas data. Wartawan dengan latar belakang Jurnalistik cenderung tidak menyiapkan pertanyaan wawancara, namun semua wartawan tetap menerapkan 5W 1H dan menggunakan alat rekam dalam wawancara berita kriminal. Teknik wawancara kepada narasumber sibuk yaitu dengan wawancara tidak langsung (telepon, chat) dan wawancara langsung (wawancara berita, bersama, eskpose), wartawan melakukan pendekatan dahulu untuk mewawancarai narasumber awam dan to the point untuk mewawancarai sumber resmi. Beberapa pengalaman wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya dalam riset data, mereka melakukan riset data sebagai sumber informasi awal berita kriminal yang akan dikonfirmasi kebenarannya ke lapangan. Beberapa pengalaman wartawan Detik.com Bandung Raya dalam melakukan investigasi menggunakan teknik penyamaran menempel dan melebur, adapun tantangan yang dihadapi yaitu dalam proses observasi, ancaman pribadi, dan konflik sosial. ENGLISH: Crime news is an issue that is very popular with many audiences. Although crime news is very sensitive and scary, however, many people from all walks of life will be interested in enjoying it. The position of crime news is very special in the mass media, including the online media Detik.com Bandung Raya which managed to publish 89 crime news from 01 to 30 September 2024, which is a larger quantity than Tribun Jabar which only published 54 crime news in the same period. This data is a strong basis that Detik.com Bandung Raya journalists are superior to the competing media Tribun Jabar in news hunting activities for crime news, although crime news coverage is known as a very difficult and challenging coverage compared to covering other issues. The purpose of this study refers to the concept of news hunting, so the derived questions are to find out the experience of Detik.com journalists in Greater Bandung in observation, interviews, data research, and criminal news investigations. The researcher used Alfred Schutz's phenomenology theory because he wanted to know the experience of Detik.com journalists in news hunting for criminal news. The object of this research is Detik.com journalists in Greater Bandung. The researcher used a constructivist paradigm because he wanted to find out the understanding of journalists Detik.com Greater Bandung in the experience of crime news hunting. The researcher uses a phenomenological approach and qualitative methods because it explores information about experience. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the experience of journalists from Detik.com Bandung Raya in observing crime news was carried out directly at the crime scene and faced various challenges, namely smelling the scent of corpses, difficulty in obtaining information, and building links. Some journalists felt strange but did not investigate further. The results of the observations were packaged into interesting news based on news value, perspective, and data complexity. Journalists with a journalism background tend not to prepare interview questions, but all journalists still apply 5W 1H and use recording devices in crime news interviews. Interview techniques for busy sources are indirect interviews (telephone, chat) and direct interviews (news interviews, together, exposes), journalists approach first to interview lay sources and to the point to interview official sources. Some experiences of journalists from Detik.com Bandung Raya in data research, they conduct data research as a source of initial information for crime news which will be confirmed in the field. Some experiences of journalists from Detik.com Bandung Raya in conducting investigations using the technique of sticking and melting disguises, the challenges faced are in the observation process, personal threats, and social conflicts.

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