Filantropi keadilan sosial berbasis Zakat pada lembaga Amil Zakat Persatuan Islam dan kontribusinya bagi penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19 di Jawa Barat.

Hurun'in, Siti Zayyini (2025) Filantropi keadilan sosial berbasis Zakat pada lembaga Amil Zakat Persatuan Islam dan kontribusinya bagi penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19 di Jawa Barat. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic, he Covid-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, has had various impacts on the socio-economic order, including a decline in public income, an increase in unemployment, and a decrease in exports and imports, which significantly raised the poverty rate in Indonesia. Zakat, in accordance with its maqasid (objectives), must serve as a solution for public welfare. Through MUI Fatwa No. 23 of 2020, zakat underwent a reinterpretation that diminished its exclusivity and demanded socially just distribution. This research was conducted in West Java at the Amil Zakat Institution of Persatuan Islam (LAZ PERSIS) to analyze: (1) The normative and historical foundations of philanthropy in Islam; (2) Social justice philanthropy activities based on zakat; (3) The contributions of social justice philanthropy based on zakat; and (4) The implications of these contributions for the socio-economic conditions of society. The research employs maqasid al-shari‘ah theory as its grand theory. The middle theory uses the theory of social justice philanthropy, and the applied theory employs the theory of fatwa application (tatbiq fatwa). This qualitative study uses an empirical juridical approach with a descriptive analysis method. Primary data sources include legal materials such as legislation and other related legal documents. Secondary data sources include the management of LAZ PERSIS, aid recipients, and experts. The findings of the study include: First, while the term "philanthropy" is absent in Islamic legal sources, the concept of benevolence as a social act for community welfare has been practiced in Islam since the year 2 AH/624 CE. Second, the activities undertaken by LAZ PERSIS to address the Covid-19 pandemic, guided by MUI Fatwa No. 23 of 2020, align with PERSIS Hisbah Council Fatwa and substantively adhere to the principles of Social Justice Philanthropy. Third, from the time WHO declared Covid-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, until the pandemic status in Indonesia was revoked on June 21, 2023, LAZ PERSIS contributed assistance to 435,292 beneficiaries. Fourth, theoretical implications highlight that zakat and social justice are substantively interconnected, reinforcing the maqasid al-shari‘ah. Practically, LAZ PERSIS helped most beneficiaries maintain their economic conditions, minimize the risk of virus exposure, and strengthen community solidarity. The researcher proposes a new concept, "Holistic Philanthropy," which is a generosity model rooted in compassion for the universe, formed from human awareness of the substantive unity between themselves and the universe.

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