Pembuatan dan karakterisasi bioplastik dari Pati Umbi Garut–karagenan dengan penambahan pemlastis Epoxidized Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (EFAME) dan pengikat silang CaCO₃ dari cangkang telur ayam

Nurulaeni, Silvianaqori (2025) Pembuatan dan karakterisasi bioplastik dari Pati Umbi Garut–karagenan dengan penambahan pemlastis Epoxidized Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (EFAME) dan pengikat silang CaCO₃ dari cangkang telur ayam. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati.

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Abstract

Plastik konvensional berbasis minyak bumi sulit terdegradasi dan menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Salah satu solusinya adalah bioplastik yang ramah lingkungan dan biodegradable. Penelitian ini membuat bioplastik dari pati umbi garut dan karagenan, dengan penambahan EFAME sebagai pemlastis dan CaCO₃ dari cangkang telur sebagai agen pengikat silang. Variasi EFAME (0,25–1,25 mL) dan CaCO₃ (0,1–0,5 g) digunakan untuk mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap swelling, ketebalan, sifat mekanik, biodegradasi, dan morfologi. Proses pembuatan meliputi gelatinisasi, pencampuran, pencetakan, dan pengeringan. Karakterisasi mencakup uji swelling, kekuatan tarik, elongasi, modulus Young, uji biodegradasi, dan analisis SEM. Hasil terbaik didapat pada 0,3 g CaCO₃ dan 0,75 mL EFAME dengan kekuatan tarik 9,728 MPa dan modulus Young 185,3 MPa. Elongasi dan swelling terbaik tercapai pada 0,1 g CaCO₃ dan 0,25 mL EFAME. Biodegradasi tertinggi terjadi pada 0,3 g CaCO₃ dan 1,25 mL EFAME. Morfologi menunjukkan struktur lamelar, permukaan kasar, dan partikel CaCO₃ yang tidak merata. Kesimpulannya, formulasi ini berpotensi sebagai alternatif bioplastik ramah lingkungan. Conventional petroleum-based plastics are difficult to degrade and cause serious environmental problems. One solution is the development of eco-friendly and biodegradable bioplastics. This study produced bioplastics from arrowroot starch and carrageenan, with EFAME as a plasticizer and CaCO₃ from eggshells as a crosslinking agent. Variations of EFAME (0.25–1.25 mL) and CaCO₃ (0.1–0.5 g) were used to examine their effects on swelling, thickness, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and morphology. The process included gelatinization, mixing, casting, and drying. Characterizations involved swelling tests, tensile strength, elongation, Young’s modulus, biodegradability tests, and SEM analysis. The best results were found at 0.3 g CaCO₃ and 0.75 mL EFAME, with a tensile strength of 9.728 MPa and Young’s modulus of 185.3 MPa. Highest elongation and lowest swelling were observed at 0.1 g CaCO₃ and 0.25 mL EFAME. The best biodegradability was recorded at 0.3 g CaCO₃ and 1.25 mL EFAME. Morphology showed lamellar structures, rough surfaces, and uneven CaCO₃ distribution. In conclusion, this formulation has promising potential as an environmentally friendly bioplastic alternative.

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