Analysis Amr in the Book of Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ-Ṣahābah by Dr. Abdurrahman Ra'fat Al-Basya (Al-Ma'ānī Study)

Nurhaliza, Siti (2025) Analysis Amr in the Book of Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ-Ṣahābah by Dr. Abdurrahman Ra'fat Al-Basya (Al-Ma'ānī Study). ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 8 (2). pp. 502-512. ISSN 2621-0835

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Abstract

This study aims to analysis the form and meaning of fi’il amr as well as the structural word of imperative sentences in the book Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ-Ṣaḥābah by Dr. Abdurrahman Ra’fat Al-Basha, using a ma‘ānī approach. This approach focuses on the meaning of language within a specific context. A ma‘ānī approach allows for an analysis of how the meaning of fi’il amr can vary depending on its situational usage, whether literal (Ḥaqīqī) or figurative (majāzī). The research method employed is descriptive-analytic, which serves to describe and provide an overview of the object under study through collected data or samples. The data were obtained from excerpts containing imperative verbs (fiʻl amr), which were classified according to their form and implied meaning, and then analyzed based on the theory of fi’il amr proposed by Ahmad Al-Hāsyimī. The results of this study indicate that the concept of fi’il amr in Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ-Ṣaḥābah encompasses seven meanings: 55 instances of literal command (Ḥaqīqī), 2 of honoring (ikrām), 4 of permission (iʾzn), 29 of supplication (duʿāʾ), 43 of guidance (irshād), 16 of request among equals (iltimās), and 8 of threat (tahdīd). Morphologically, the imperative forms appear in two patterns: fiʻl mujarrad (basic/root verbs) and fiʻl mazīd (augmented verbs), both transitive and intransitive. Syntactically, the structure of fi’il amr typically follows the pattern: verb (fiʻl) – subject (fāʻil) – object (mafʻūl bih) – preposition (ḥarf jar) and vocative (nida').

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