focalization on two detective stories (“The Final Problem” by Doyle and Moriarty The Patriot by Ryosuke Takeuchi and Hikaru Miyoshi (the Indonesian version by Adrian))

Hanifah, Hilwa (2025) focalization on two detective stories (“The Final Problem” by Doyle and Moriarty The Patriot by Ryosuke Takeuchi and Hikaru Miyoshi (the Indonesian version by Adrian)). Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Focalization is an element that can be found in every literature. It regulates information, enabling it to manage the distance in a narrative. This research aims to analyse the types of focalizations and the process whereby types of focalizations regulate distance in “The Final Problem” by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Moriarty the Patriot by Ryosuke Takeuchi and Hikaru Miyoshi (translated into the Indonesian version by Adrian). Gerard Genette’s theory of focalization and distance is used as a tool to analyse these issues. To describe the matter, this research employs a qualitative method, specifically comparative literature. The data is taken through purposive sampling, where the data is collected because it is considered as the most relevant to the issue. This research uncovers that internal and external focalization are used in “The Final Problem,” meanwhile Moriarty the Patriot employs internal, external, and zero focalization. However, this research excludes zero focalization in the analysis because it is only found in Moriarty the Patriot and cannot be compared. The analysis shows that focalization relates to other narrative structures, such as voice and order. This research also analyzes the method by which types of focalizations regulate the distance. Types of focalizations participate in regulating the distance by limiting the focus of the narrative. The limitation on the narrative focus leads to the narrator’s participation which is portrayed through narrator’s position. Furthermore, the narrator’s participation is also determined by the mode of narrating. The analysis of distance also involves duration and voice. Keywords: Focalization, distance, “The Final Problem”, and Moriarty the Patriot

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