One-pot synthesis komposit ZnO/HAp dari limbah baterai dan cangkang telur bebek untuk fotodegradasi metilen biru

Wafa, Azkia Nisaul (2025) One-pot synthesis komposit ZnO/HAp dari limbah baterai dan cangkang telur bebek untuk fotodegradasi metilen biru. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Limbah baterai zinc-karbon dan cangkang telur bebek merupakan sumber potensial unsur seng (Zn) dan kalsium (Ca) yang dapat dimanfaatkan kembali secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis komposit ZnO/HAp (seng oksida/hidroksiapatit) melalui metode one-pot synthesis, yaitu sintesis dalam satu reaktor tanpa tahap pemisahan, sehingga lebih praktis dan efisien. Komposit disintesis dengan variasi rasio mol ZnO:HAp, yaitu 1:3, 1:1, dan 3:1, kemudian diuji aktivitas fotokatalitiknya terhadap degradasi metilen biru (MB). Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan XRD untuk mengetahui struktur kristal, SEM-EDS untuk melihat morfologi dan komposisi unsur, serta UV-Vis DRS untuk menentukan nilai band gap. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada rasio ZnO:HAp 3:1 dengan kristalinitas 76,26%, ukuran kristal 13,52 nm, dan band gap sebesar 3,18 eV. Efisiensi degradasi MB mencapai 80,65% dalam waktu tertentu. Uji toksisitas menunjukkan tingkat perkecambahan biji kacang hijau sebesar 96,47%, menandakan bahwa produk hasil degradasi relatif aman terhadap lingkungan. Dengan demikian, komposit ZnO/HAp rasio 3:1 berpotensi sebagai fotokatalis yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan untuk pengolahan limbah organik berbahaya. Waste from zinc-carbon batteries and duck eggshells serves as a potential source of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca), which can be sustainably recovered and reused. This study aims to synthesize a ZnO/HAp (zinc oxide/hydroxyapatite) composite via the one-pot synthesis method, a single-reactor process that eliminates separation steps, making it simpler and more efficient. The composites were prepared with varying ZnO:HAp molar ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1, and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated based on methylene blue (MB) degradation. Characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the crystal structure, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to observe morphology and elemental composition, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) to determine the band gap. The 3:1 ZnO:HAp ratio yielded the best results, exhibiting 76.26% crystallinity, a crystallite size of 13.52 nm, and a band gap of 3.18 eV. The MB degradation efficiency reached 80.65% within a certain duration. Toxicity tests based on green bean seed germination showed a germination rate of 96.47%, indicating that the degradation products are environmentally safe. These findings demonstrate that the ZnO/HAp composite with a 3:1 ratio has strong potential as an effective and eco-friendly photocatalyst for the treatment of organic wastewater pollutants.

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