Analisis koefisien restitusi bola menggunakan sistem monitoring real-time berbasis ESP8266 dengan protokol MQTT

Muhamad Pranata, Aji (2025) Analisis koefisien restitusi bola menggunakan sistem monitoring real-time berbasis ESP8266 dengan protokol MQTT. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Islam Negri Sunan Gunung Djati.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem monitoring koefisien restitusi bola berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 dan mikrokontroler ESP8266 yang terintegrasi dengan protokol MQTT untuk komunikasi real-time. Sistem dikembangkan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan metode konvensional yang rentan terhadap kesalahan manusia dan tidak memungkinkan monitoring real-time, serta memberikan alternatif yang lebih efisien dibandingkan metode video tracking yang memerlukan analisis pascaproses kompleks. Penelitian melakukan analisis komprehensif terhadap lima jenis material bola berbeda: bola bekel, bola tenis meja, bola tenis lapangan, bola sepak karet, dan bola plastik melalui 100 percobaan (20 percobaan per material). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem mencapai tingkat ketelitian rata-rata 95,84% dengan eliminasi kesalahan manusia dalam pengukuran manual. Analisis material menghasilkan koefisien restitusi: bola bekel (0,89 ± 0,03, ketelitian 95,84%), bola tenis meja (0,89 ± 0,04, ketelitian 95,86%), bola tenis lapangan (0,77 ± 0,05, ketelitian 92,89%), bola sepak karet (0,78 ± 0,06, ketelitian 91,72%), dan bola plastik (0,68 ± 0,10, ketelitian 82,45%). Implementasi algoritma real-time dalam ESP8266 memungkinkan perhitungan koefisien restitusi secara otomatis dengan latensi rata-rata 23 ms, sementara protokol MQTT memberikan stabilitas transmisi data dengan tingkat keberhasilan 98,7%. Validasi sistem dengan metode referensi menghasilkan korelasi R² = 0,94 dan reproducibility ±2,3%, memenuhi standar untuk aplikasi pendidikan. Sistem berhasil mengintegrasikan teknologi modern dalam pembelajaran fisika dengan memberikan monitoring real-time, akurasi tinggi, aksesibilitas data, dan visualisasi yang mendukung pembelajaran interaktif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam modernisasi pendidikan fisika melalui integrasi teknologi IoT, membuka peluang pengembangan sistem pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, akurat, dan efisien untuk mendukung transformasi digital dalam pendidikan sains dan teknologi. Kata Kunci: Koefisien restitusi, Internet of Things (IoT), HC-SR04, ESP8266, sensor ultrasonik, fisika, elastisitas, pembelajaran interaktif This research aims to design and implement an IoT-based ball restitution coefficient monitoring system using HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and ESP8266 microcontrollers integrated with MQTT protocol for real-time communication. The system was developed to address the limitations of conventional methods that are prone to human error and do not allow real-time monitoring, as well as providing a more efficient alternative compared to video tracking methods that require complex post-processing analysis. The research conducted a comprehensive analysis of five different ball materials: steel ball, ping pong ball, tennis ball, rubber soccer ball, and plastic ball through 100 experiments (20 experiments per material). Test results show the system achieves an average accuracy of 95.84% with elimination of human error in manual measurements. Material analysis yielded restitution coefficients: steel ball (0.89 ± 0.03, accuracy 95.84%), ping pong ball (0.89 ± 0.04, accuracy 95.86%), tennis ball (0.77 ± 0.05, accuracy 92.89%), rubber soccer ball (0.78 ± 0.06, accuracy 91.72%), and plastic ball (0.68 ± 0.10, accuracy 82.45%). Implementation of real-time algorithms in ESP8266 enables automatic calculation of restitution coefficients with an average latency of 23 ms, while MQTT protocol provides data transmission stability with a success rate of 98.7%. System validation with reference methods resulted in R² = 0.94 correlation and ±2.3% reproducibility, meeting standards for educational applications. The system successfully integrates modern technology in physics education by providing real-time monitoring, high accuracy, data accessibility, and visualization that supports interactive learning. This research makes a significant contribution to the modernization of physics education through IoT technology integration, opening opportunities for developing more interactive, accurate, and efficient learning systems to support digital transformation in science and technology education. Keywords: Restitution coefficient, Internet of Things (IoT), HC-SR04, ESP8266, ultrasonic sensor, physics, elasticity, interactive learning.

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