Adsorpsi o-Nitrofenol (ONP) oleh Arang Tempurung Kelapa Teraktivasi Asam Fosfat: Studi Kinetika dan Isoterm Adsorpsi

Abdullah, Zaki (2018) Adsorpsi o-Nitrofenol (ONP) oleh Arang Tempurung Kelapa Teraktivasi Asam Fosfat: Studi Kinetika dan Isoterm Adsorpsi. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

O-Nitrofenol merupakan salah satu senyawa turunan fenol yang dikenal sebagai polutan air dan dikategorikan sebagai kontaminan lingkungan sekalipun kadarnya rendah di dalam air. Hal ini dikarenakan senyawa tersebut bersifat karsinogenik dan dapat membentuk senyawa tersubstitusi yang berbahaya dalam air. Selain di dalam air, bisa juga berdampak bagi manusia dimana paparan dari senyawa tersebut dapat melalui penghirupan, konsumsi, kontak mata dan kulit yang menyebabkan dampak negatif pada kesehatan seperti kulit dan mata terbakar, konvulsi, siaonis bahkan kematian jika terlalu banyak terkena efek negatif senyawa tersebut. Limbah ONP dihasilkan dari industri kilang minyak, produksi fenol, pestisida, pupuk, farmasi dan pewarna. Salah satu metode pengolahan limbah ONP yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan yaitu adsorpsi menggunakan arang aktif. Arang yang sudah diaktivasi dapat menurunkan kadar ONP dalam air, hal ini terjadi karena hilangnya pengotor pada arang yang menyebabkan terbentuknya pori baru dengan jumlah yang banyak sehingga ONP terserap kedalam lubang pori. Pada penelitian ini, arang aktif disintesis dari limbah tempurung kelapa dengan asam fosfat sebagai reagen pengaktivasi. Setelah dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, arang aktif yang dihasilkan mengandung gugus fungsi sesuai stdandar arang aktif pada umumnya dan terdapat gugus P=O. Data SEM menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif berbentuk sponge dan terdapat lubang pori yang terdistribusi pada setiap partikelnya. Arang aktif hasil sintesis mengikuti pemodelan kinetika Pseudo-second-order, Elovich, dan difusi intrapartikel, sedangkan isoterm adsorpsi mengikuti pemodelan Freundlich. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif tempurung kelapa dapat menurunkan kadar ONP pada kondisi optimum pH 5, konsentrasi 120 ppm, serta waktu 120 menit dengan kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi yang dihasilkan sebesar 35,2 mg/g. O-Nitrophenol is one of the phenol-derived compounds known as water pollutants and is categorized as environmental contaminants even though they are low in water. This is because the compound is carcinogenic and can form harmful substituted compounds in water. In addition to water, it can also affect humans where exposure to such compounds can be through inhalation, consumption, eye contact and skin that cause negative effects on health such as skin and burning eyes, convulsions, siaonis and even death if too much affected by the negative effects of the compound . The ONP waste is produced from oil refineries, phenol production, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and dyes. One method of processing ONP waste that can be done to reduce environmental pollution is adsorption using activated charcoal. Activated charcoal can reduce the levels of ONP in water, this is due to the loss of impurities on the charcoal causing the formation of new pores with large amounts so that the ONP is absorbed into the pores. In this study, activated charcoal was synthesized from coconut shell waste with phosphoric acid as the activating reagent. After being characterized using FTIR, the resulting activated charcoal contains a functional group according to an active charcoal standard in general and there is a P=O group. SEM data shows that the active charcoal is sponge-shaped and there are pore holes distributed on each particle. The synthesized active charcoal follows Pseudo-second-order kinetic modeling, Elovich, and intrapartikel diffusion, while the adsorption isotherm follows the Freundlich modeling. The results showed that coconut shell activated charcoal can reduce the concentration of ONP at optimum pH 5, concentration 120 ppm, and time 120 minutes with the highest adsorption capacity produced by 35,2 mg/g.

Item Type: Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Tempurung kelapa; Arang aktif; o-nitrofenol; Aktivasi; Adsorpsi; Asam Fosfat; Kinetika adsorpsi; Isoterm Adsorpsi
Subjects: Analytical Chemistry > Qualitative Analysis, Quantitavie Analysis of Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Ecology > Environmental Chemistry
Divisions: Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi > Program Studi Kimia
Depositing User: Zaki - Abdullah
Date Deposited: 09 Aug 2018 07:19
Last Modified: 29 Apr 2019 06:04
URI: https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/12090

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