Analisis Satwa target dan pola perburuan Satwa Liar di Cagar Alam Gunung Tilu Kabupaten Bandung

Rahmawati, Alfiah (2025) Analisis Satwa target dan pola perburuan Satwa Liar di Cagar Alam Gunung Tilu Kabupaten Bandung. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA : Cagar alam berfungsi sebagai kawasan perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati dan habitat alami bagi satwa liar. Perburuan liar kini menjadi ancaman serius bagi keberlanjutan populasi satwa dan kelestarian kawasan konservasi, tidak terkecuali di kawasan konservasi Cagar Alam Gunung Tilu (CAGT). Aktivitas perburuan liar tidak hanya melanggar hukum, tetapi juga mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis satwa target dan pola dari aktivitas perburuan satwa liar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi atau mix-method. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu wawancara informan dan eksplorasi lapangan. Hasil wawancara terhadap 44 orang informan menyebutkan terdapat 25 jenis satwa target, empat di antaranya merupakan satwa dilindungi. Menurut hasil wawancara dengan 39 orang pemburu menunjukkan bahwa pemburu di CAGT didominasi oleh pemburu modern (59%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (100%), dengan usia 18-35 tahun (64,10%) dan berprofesi sebagai petani (48,72%) dengan motivasi utama berburu yaitu hobi (100%). Metode perburuan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah berburu dengan anjing dan senapan angin. Pertimbangan waktu berburu didasarkan pada aktivitas harian satwa dan kondisi medan, waktu perburuan dominan pada pagi hari dan pada musim kemarau. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa perburuan di CAGT bukanlah aktivitas acak, melainkan suatu kegiatan yang terstruktur berdasarkan pertimbangan ekologi dan teknis untuk memaksimalkan peluang keberhasilan.Kasus perburuan sulit teridentifikasi karena frekuensi patroli yang terbatas, teknik perburuan yang digunakan, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, dan pola pergerakan pemburu yang acak. Perburuan liar di CAGT menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan efektivitas patroli hutan serta pendekatan adaptif yang melibatkan aspek teknis, sumber daya manusia, dan partisipasi masyarakat untuk menjaga keberlanjutan kawasan konservasi. ENGLISH : Nature reserves serve as vital areas for the protection of biodiversity and natural habitats for wildlife. Illegal hunting has now become a serious threat to the sustainability of wildlife populations and the preservation of conservation areas, including the Gunung Tilu Nature Reserve (CAGT). Such activities not only violate the law but also disrupt ecosystem balance. This study was conducted to identify the target species and patterns of wildlife hunting activities. A mixed-method approach was employed, with data collection carried out in two stages: informant interviews and field exploration. Interviews with 44 informants revealed 25 target species, four of which are protected species. Findings from interviews with 39 hunters indicated that hunting in CAGT is dominated by modern hunters (59%), all of whom were male (100%), aged between 18–35 years (64.10%), and predominantly working as farmers (48.72%). The primary motivation for hunting was identified as hobby (100%). The most commonly used hunting methods were hunting with dogs and the use of air rifles. Hunting time was largely determined by daily wildlife activity patterns and terrain conditions, with hunting predominantly conducted in the morning and during the dry season. The results suggest that hunting in CAGT is not a random activity but rather a structured practice based on ecological and technical considerations to maximize success. However, hunting cases remain difficult to detect due to limited patrol frequency, sophisticated hunting techniques, lack of human resources, and the unpredictable movement patterns of hunters. Illegal hunting in CAGT underscores the urgent need to enhance the effectiveness of forest patrols and adopt adaptive approaches that integrate technical measures, human resource capacity, and community participation to safeguard the sustainability of the conservation area.

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