Peran dinas pertanian dan gapoktan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani di Desa Kampungsawah Kabupaten Karawang

Mahbubi, Rafli (2025) Peran dinas pertanian dan gapoktan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani di Desa Kampungsawah Kabupaten Karawang. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah peran Dinas Pertanian dan Gapoktan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani di Desa Kampungsawah, Kecamatan Jayakerta, Kabupaten Karawang. Meskipun desa ini memiliki lahan sawah seluas 756 hektar dengan produktivitas rata-rata 5–6 ton per hektar, tingkat kesejahteraan petani masih rendah, hanya sekitar 38 persen. Kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan kepemilikan lahan dimana 65 persen petani berstatus penggarap dengan ketergantungan pada pinjaman modal yang menimbulkan beban ekonomi berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan petani, pengurus Gapoktan, dan pihak Dinas Pertanian, serta dokumentasi pendukung. Analisis dilakukan melalui reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dinas Pertanian berperan sebagai regulator, fasilitator, dan pembina teknis melalui penyuluhan, pelatihan, serta penyediaan sarana produksi. Namun, peran ini belum optimal karena minimnya pendampingan dan keterbatasan akses teknologi. Gapoktan berperan dalam pengorganisasian kelompok tani, distribusi sarana produksi, serta memperkuat posisi tawar petani dalam pemasaran. Meski demikian, peran Gapoktan masih terbatas pada koordinasi internal dan belum mampu mengatasi persoalan struktural seperti ketimpangan lahan dan akses permodalan. Faktor penunjang kesejahteraan petani meliputi potensi lahan yang luas, produktivitas tinggi, dan keberadaan kelembagaan pertanian. Adapun faktor penghambat mencakup ketimpangan kepemilikan lahan, sistem bagi hasil yang merugikan, beban utang modal tanam, keterbatasan teknologi, serta akses pasar yang minim. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sinergi antara Dinas Pertanian dan Gapoktan memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani jika fungsi pembinaan, penyuluhan, akses modal, serta teknologi pertanian dapat diperkuat. Dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam, peningkatan kesejahteraan petani selaras dengan konsep al-falah yang menekankan keseimbangan aspek material dan spiritual. INGGRIS: "This research aims to examine the role of the Department of Agriculture (Dinas Pertanian) and the Farmer Group Association (Gapoktan) in improving farmer welfare in Kampungsawah Village, Jayakerta District, Karawang Regency. Although this village has 756 hectares of paddy fields with an average productivity of 5–6 tons per hectare, the level of farmer welfare remains low, at only about 38 percent. This condition is influenced by limited land ownership, where 65 percent of farmers are tenants, depending on capital loans which create a sustained economic burden. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews with farmers, Gapoktan officials, and the Department of Agriculture, as well as supporting documentation. Analysis was conducted through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the Department of Agriculture acts as a regulator, facilitator, and technical supervisor through extension, training, and the provision of production facilities. However, this role has not been optimal due to minimal assistance and limited access to technology. Gapoktan plays a role in organizing farmer groups, distributing production facilities, and strengthening the farmers' bargaining position in marketing. Nevertheless, Gapoktan's role is still limited to internal coordination and has not been able to overcome structural problems such as land inequality and access to capital. Supporting factors for farmer welfare include the potential for vast land, high productivity, and the existence of agricultural institutions. The inhibiting factors include unequal land ownership, disadvantageous sharecropping systems, the burden of planting capital debt, technological limitations, and minimal market access. This research concludes that the synergy between the Department of Agriculture and Gapoktan has great potential to improve farmer welfare if the functions of technical guidance, extension, access to capital, and agricultural technology can be strengthened. From an Islamic economic perspective, improving farmer welfare aligns with the concept of al-falah, which emphasizes the balance of material and spiritual aspects.

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