Efektivitas pestisida nabati umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida L.) untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) pada tanaman selada merah (Lactuca sativa L.)

Pratama, Esa Rizqi Surya (2025) Efektivitas pestisida nabati umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida L.) untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) pada tanaman selada merah (Lactuca sativa L.). Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Selada merah menjadi sayuran yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena kandungan gizi tinggi serta adanya senyawa antioksidan yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan seperti antosianin dan flavonoid. Dalam budiaya tanaman ini terdapat faktor pembatas salah satunya yaitu serangan hama ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.). Ulat grayak merupakan hama utama pada tanaman selada merah dan menyerang pada bagian daun baik daun tua mapun daun muda hingga ke tunas dan titik tumbuh tanaman selada merah sehingga dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan kualitas tanaman, Pengendalian dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati sebagai solusi yang ramah lingkungan salah satunya umbi gadung. Ekstrak umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida) memiliki senyawa toksik bagi hama seperti diskorin, saponin dan alkaloid. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi paling efektif terhadap hama ulat grayak dan mempertahankan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada merah (Lactuca sativa L.). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2024 sampai bulan Februari 2025 di Dusun Cikubang Desa Citali Kecamatan Pamulihan, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat, ketinggian 932 mdpl dan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Metode yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) sederhana dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu P0 = Ekstrak umbi gadung 0 ml L-1, P1 = Ekstrak umbi gadung 20 ml L-1, P2 = Ekstrak umbi gadung 40 ml L-1, P3 = Ekstrak umbi gadung 60 ml L-1, P4 = Ekstrak umbi gadung 80 ml L-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi pestisida nabati umbi gadung efektif dalam mengendalikan ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) pada konsentrasi 80 ml L-1 dengan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas hama dan intensitas serangan serta mampu mempertahankan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada merah. ENGLISH: Red lettuce is a vegetable that is highly favored by the public due to its high nutritional content and the presence of antioxidant compounds beneficial to health, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. However, in its cultivation, one limiting factor is the infestation of armyworms (Spodoptera litura F.), which are the main pests of red lettuce. These pests attack the leaves—both mature and young—as well as the shoots and growing points, thereby disrupting plant growth and reducing crop quality. Pest control can be carried out using botanical pesticides as an environmentally friendly alternative, one of which is the yam tuber (Dioscorea hispida). Yam tuber extract contains toxic compounds such as dioscorine, saponins, and alkaloids, which are harmful to pests. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the most effective concentration of yam tuber extract for controlling armyworms and maintaining the growth and yield of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The research was carried out from December 2024 to February 2025, the research was conducted in Cikubang Hamlet, Citali Village, Pamulihan Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency, West Java, at an altitude of 932 meters above sea level, and at the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases, State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.. The method used was a simple randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments: P0 = Yam tuber extract 0 ml L-1 (control), P1 = Yam tuber extract 20 ml L-1, P2 = Yam tuber extract 40 ml L-1, P3 = Yam tuber extract 60 ml L-1, P4 = Yam tuber extract 80 ml L-1. The results showed that applying yam tuber-based botanical pesticides was effective in controlling Spodoptera litura at a concentration of 80 ml L-1. This concentration significantly increased pest mortality and reduced the intensity of infestation, while also supporting the growth and yield of red lettuce.

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