Legal issues in applying criminal law to cyberbullying offenses through the anonymous messaging application ngl.link

Devi, Navaratu Annisa and Mayaningsih, Dewi and Fatriani, Fenny (2025) Legal issues in applying criminal law to cyberbullying offenses through the anonymous messaging application ngl.link. LEGAL ISSUES IN APPLYING CRIMINAL LAW TO CYBERBULLYING OFFENSES THROUGH THE ANONYMOUS MESSAGING APPLICATION NGL.LINK, 7 (1). pp. 8-32. ISSN E-ISSN: 2715-9418

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Perkembangan teknologi informasi mendorong lahirnya berbagai bentuk interaksi digital, termasuk penggunaan aplikasi pesan anonim seperti NGL.Link. Di balik kemudahannya, platform ini juga memunculkan fenomena cyberbullying berupa penghinaan atau pencemaran nama baik secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketentuan hukum pidana yang paling relevan untuk menjerat pelaku, baik dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) maupun Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Data diperoleh dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur hukum sebagai data primer, serta wawancara dengan dua ahli hukum sebagai data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 310 KUHP dan Pasal 27A UU ITE tidak dapat diterapkan secara efektif terhadap cyberbullying melalui NGL karena tidak terpenuhinya unsur publisitas atau “diketahui umum” mengingat sifat komunikasi yang tertutup, personal, dan one to one. Sebaliknya, Pasal 315 KUHP tentang penghinaan ringan merupakan ketentuan yang paling mendekati karena tidak secara ketat mensyaratkan unsur publisitas dan dapat mencakup penghinaan dalam komunikasi privat. Namun, penerapan sanksi pidana tetap menghadapi tantangan besar, khususnya dalam pembuktian identitas pelaku akibat anonimitas sistem tersebut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa persoalan cyberbullying melalui aplikasi anonim tidak hanya berkaitan dengan pemenuhan unsur tindak pidana, tetapi juga tantangan pembuktian dalam praktik. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan digital forensics perlu diperkuat guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan yang efektif bagi korban di ruang digital anonim. ENGLISH: Advances in information technology have spurred the emergence of various forms of digital interaction, including the use of anonymous messaging apps such as NGL.Link. Despite its convenience, this platform has also given rise to the phenomenon of cyberbullying in the form of online insults or defamation. This study aims to analyze the most relevant criminal law provisions for prosecuting perpetrators, both in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law). The research method used is normative legal analysis. Data was obtained from legislation and legal literature as primary data, as well as from interviews with two legal experts as secondary data. The results of the study indicate that Article 310 of the KUHP and Article 27A of the UU ITE cannot be effectively applied to cyberbullying via NGL.Link due to the lack of the element of publicity or “public knowledge” given the closed, personal, and one-to-one nature of the communication. Conversely, Article 315 of the Criminal Code regarding minor defamation is the provision that comes closest because it does not strictly require publicity and can cover defamation in private communications. However, the enforcement of criminal penalties continues to face significant challenges, particularly in establishing the identity of perpetrators due to the anonymity of these systems. This study concludes that the issue of cyberbullying via anonymous apps is not only related to the fulfillment of the elements of a crime but also to the challenges of proof in practice. Therefore, the use of digital forensics must be strengthened to ensure legal certainty and effective protection for victims in the anonymous digital space.

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