Analisis semantik relasi makna sinonim dan transitivitas pada teks berita politik Al-Arabiya

Fadhlurrohman, Muhammad Naufal and Akmaliyah, Akmaliyah and Supianudin, Asep (2026) Analisis semantik relasi makna sinonim dan transitivitas pada teks berita politik Al-Arabiya. `Ajamiy : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, ١٥ (١). ١٣٧-١٥٥. ISSN 2657-2206

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Abstract

ENGLISH : Lexical choices in Arabic news discourse function not only to convey information but also to construct experiential meaning through linguistic structures. Although studies on semantic synonymy and transitivity have been widely conducted, research integrating these two approaches in Arabic political news discourse remains limited. This study aims to analyze synonym relations based on John Lyons’ semantic theory and explain their realization through Halliday’s ideational function in Al-Arabiya political news texts. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using observation and note-taking techniques on ten Al-Arabiya political news reports concerning relations among Iran, the United States, and Israel published in May 2026. The data were analyzed by identifying synonym pairs, classifying synonym categories, and examining transitivity systems at the clause level. The findings reveal twenty synonym pairs consisting of seven instances of near synonymy and thirteen instances of partial synonymy. These relations are predominantly realized through material processes (75%), followed by verbal (15%) and relational processes (10%), while the dominant transitivity components are process and goal. The findings demonstrate that synonym variation not only reflects lexical meaning equivalence but also realizes experiential meaning through transitivity configurations in Arabic political news discourse. INDONESIA : Pilihan leksikal dalam teks berita berbahasa Arab tidak hanya berfungsi menyampaikan informasi, tetapi juga membentuk representasi pengalaman melalui struktur kebahasaan yang digunakan. Meskipun kajian mengenai relasi makna sinonim maupun sistem transitivitas telah banyak dilakukan, penelitian yang mengintegrasikan kedua pendekatan tersebut dalam analisis berita politik berbahasa Arab masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis relasi makna sinonim berdasarkan teori John Lyons serta menjelaskan realisasinya melalui fungsi ideasional Halliday pada teks berita politik Al-Arabiya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik simak dan catat terhadap sepuluh berita politik Al-Arabiya mengenai hubungan Iran, Amerika Serikat, dan Israel yang dipublikasikan pada Mei 2026. Data dianalisis melalui identifikasi pasangan sinonim, klasifikasi kategori sinonimi, dan analisis sistem transitivitas pada tingkat klausa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 20 pasangan sinonim yang terdiri atas 7 near synonymy dan 13 partial synonymy. Relasi tersebut direalisasikan melalui proses material (75%), verbal (15%), dan relasional (10%), dengan komponen transitivitas yang didominasi oleh process dan goal. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi sinonim tidak hanya merepresentasikan kesepadanan makna leksikal, tetapi juga merealisasikan pengalaman melalui konfigurasi transitivitas dalam wacana berita politik berbahasa Arab.

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