Al-Ghazali's epistemology of happiness and its implications for Islamic education

Wulandari, Desi and Hambali, Radea Yuli Ahmad and Muhlas, Muhlas (2026) Al-Ghazali's epistemology of happiness and its implications for Islamic education. IQRA: Journal of Islamic Education, 9 (2). pp. 790-807. ISSN 2622-3201

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Abstract

INGGRIS: This study aims to analyze the epistemology of happiness in Al-Ghazali’s thought by examining the sources of knowledge, the process of acquiring knowledge, and its relationship to the attainment of happiness (sa’adah). This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method, with data analyzed through content analysis. The findings reveal that Al-Ghazali’s epistemology is integrative, combining the senses, reason, the heart (qalb), and kashf as successive stages in the acquisition of knowledge. Knowledge begins with empirical experience, develops through rational reasoning, and is ultimately perfected through the purification of the soul (tazkiyat al-nafs), enabling the heart to receive divine light and attain ma’rifah. The study further demonstrates that happiness (sa’adah), according to Al-Ghazali, is the ultimate goal of human life, achieved through this epistemological process. Such happiness is understood as a spiritual state resulting from the attainment of ma’rifatullah (knowledge of God). Therefore, this research not only explains Al-Ghazali’s concept of happiness but also reconstructs his conceptual model of the epistemology of happiness by integrating the senses, reason, qalb, kashf, ma’rifah, and ma’rifatullah. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of Islamic philosophical studies, particularly concerning the relationship between epistemology, ma’rifah, and happiness. INDONESIA: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis epistemologi kebahagiaan dalam pemikiran AlGhazali dengan mengkaji sumber pengetahuan, proses memperoleh pengetahuan, serta keterkaitannya dengan pencapaian kebahagiaan (Sa’adah). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa epistemologi Al-Ghazali bersifat integratif karena memadukan pancaindra, akal, hati, dan kasyf sebagai tahapan memperoleh pengetahuan. Pengetahuan diawali melalui pengalaman empiris, dikembangkan melalui penalaran rasional, lalu disempurnakan melalui penyucian jiwa (tazkiyatun nafs) sehingga hati menerima cahaya ilahi dan mencapai ma’rifah. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kebahagiaan (sa’adah) menurut Al-Ghazali merupakan tujuan akhir kehidupan yang dicapai melalui proses epistemologi tersebut. Kebahagiaan tersebut dapat dipahami sebagai keadaan spiritual yang lahir dari keberhasilan manusia mencapai ma’rifatullah. Dengan demikian penelitian ini tidak hanya menjelaskan konsep kebahagiaan menurut Al-Ghazali, tetapi juga merekonstruksi model konseptual epistemologi kebahagiaan Al-Ghazali yang mengintegrasikan pancaindra, akal, qalb, kasyf, ma'rifah, dan ma'rifatullah. Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan kajian filsafat Islam, khususnya mengenai hubungan antara epistemologi, ma’rifah, dan kebahagiaan.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Al-Ghazali; Epistemology; Happiness; Sa’adah; Al-Ghazali; Epistemologi; Kebahagiaan; Sa’adah
Subjects: Epistemology
Islam > Islam and Philosophy
Education > Philosophy and Theory of Education
Divisions: Fakultas Ushuluddin > Program Studi Aqidah Filsafat
Depositing User: Desi Wulandari
Date Deposited: 02 Sep 2026 02:10
Last Modified: 02 Sep 2026 02:10
URI: https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/140509

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