Hubungan mikroklimat dengan aktivitas harian dan perilaku kawin Elaeidobius kamerunicus di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro

Reine, Hanifah Flora (2026) Hubungan mikroklimat dengan aktivitas harian dan perilaku kawin Elaeidobius kamerunicus di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA : Elaeidobius kamerunicus merupakan serangga penyerbuk utama kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) yang berperan penting dalam keberhasilan pembentukan buah (fruit set). Penurunan populasi E. kamerunicus di sejumlah perkebunan diduga berkontribusi terhadap menurunnya efektivitas penyerbukan, namun informasi mengenai perilaku kawin dan pengaruh kondisi mikroklimat terhadap aktivitas reproduksinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas harian dan perilaku kawin E. kamerunicus serta menganalisis hubungan mikroklimat dengan perilaku tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro, Kalimantan Tengah, pada bunga jantan fase antesis menggunakan metode continuous observation dengan event recording selama pukul 08.00-16.00 WIB dengan interval pengamatan 10 menit. Parameter mikroklimat yang diamati meliputi suhu, kelembapan udara, intensitas cahaya, dan kecepatan angin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas harian E. kamerunicus terdiri atas terbang, berjalan, diam/istirahat, mencari makan, dan membersihkan diri, sedangkan perilaku kawin terdiri atas approaching, mounting, tapping, dan copulating. Aktivitas harian cenderung meningkat pada pagi hingga menjelang siang, dengan puncak aktivitas aktif terjadi pada pukul 09.00-11.00 WIB, sementara perilaku diam/istirahat meningkat pada siang hari. Perilaku kawin menunjukkan pola fluktuatif dengan frekuensi mounting dan copulating tertinggi pada pukul 11.00-12.00 WIB. Perubahan suhu dan kelembapan udara diduga memengaruhi pola aktivitas E. kamerunicus, di mana peningkatan suhu dan penurunan kelembapan berkaitan dengan menurunnya aktivitas eksploratif dan meningkatnya perilaku diam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mikroklimat berperan dalam memengaruhi aktivitas harian dan frekuensi perilaku kawin E. kamerunicus yang berpotensi memengaruhi efektivitas penyerbukan kelapa sawit. ENGLISH : Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinator of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) which plays an important role in successful fruit set. The decline in E. kamerunicus populations in several plantations is thought to contribute to the decline in pollination effectiveness, but information on mating behavior and the influence of microclimate conditions on its reproductive activity is still limited. This study aims to identify the daily and mating behavior of E. kamerunicus and analyze the relationship between microclimate and these behaviors. The study was conducted at the oil palm plantation of PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro, Central Kalimantan, on male flowers in the antesis phase using continuous observation with event recording method during 08.00-16.00 WIB with an observation interval of 10 minutes. The microclimate parameters observed included temperature, air humidity, light intensity, and wind speed. The results showed that the daily activities of E. kamerunicus consisted of flight, walking, resting, foraging, and grooming, while mating behavior consisted of approaching, mounting, tapping, and copulating. Daily activity tends to increase in the morning until midday, with peak activity occurring at 09.00-11.00 WIB, while rest activity increases during the day. Mating behavior shows a fluctuating pattern with the highest frequency of mounting and copulating at 11.00-12.00 WIB. Changes in air temperature and humidity are thought to influence the activity patterns of E. kamerunicus, where increasing temperature and decreasing humidity are associated with decreased exploratory activity and increased resting behavior. This study indicates that microclimate plays a role in influencing the daily activity and frequency of mating behavior of E. kamerunicus, which has the potential to affect the effectiveness of oil palm pollination.

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