Pemilihan klon unggul krisan potong (Chrysanthemum spp.) tipe standar dan tipe spray untuk kondisi dataran rendah

Nursapar, Ikman (2018) Pemilihan klon unggul krisan potong (Chrysanthemum spp.) tipe standar dan tipe spray untuk kondisi dataran rendah. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh potensi ekonomi tanaman krisan sebagai tanaman hias potong yang cukup tinggi dan senantiasa meningkat, akan tetapi budidaya krisan terbatas pada lahan di dataran tinggi. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah merakit tanaman baru sehingga terbentuk genotipe sesuai di dataran rendah. Sementara itu Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (BALITHI) memiliki sejumlah klon krisan hasil radiasi sinar gama yang siap dipemilihan (pengujian kesesuaian pada kondisi dataran rendah). Penelitisan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan klon yang memiliki kemampuan bertahan dalam kondisi dataran rendah. Sebanyak 10 klon yang dipemilihan, yaitu 5 klon tipe standar (klon 1, klon 2, klon 22, klon 24, klon 28) dan 5 klon tipe spray (klon 10, klon 18, klon 21, klon 23, klon 25) ditanam di dataran rendah (Karangtengah-Cianjur) elevasi 250 m dpl dan di dataran tinggi (Cipanas-Cianjur) elevasi 1100 m dpl (sebagai pembanding). Penanam dilakukan sesuai perlakuan budidaya krisan pada umumnya, kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan karakter utama vegetatif (tinggi tanaman, panjang daun, lebar daun) dan generatif (waktu bunga mekar, diameter kuntum bunga untuk tipe standar, dan jumlah kuntum bunga untuk tipe spray) diukur dan dibandingkan karakter di dataran rendah terhadap karakter di dataran tinggi menggunakan metode statistik uji t student atau t satu sampel, atau one sample t test. Setiap klon yang dipemilihan memiliki mutu baik sebagai krisan potong berdasarkan BSN SNI 1998, namun tidak semua memiliki nilai baik berdasarkan hasil uji statistik perbandingan dataran rendah terhadap dataran tinggi. Klon yang memiliki karakter baik pada penanaman di dataran rendah adalah klon 1, klon 2, klon 22, klon 24, dan klon 28 (tipe standar), klon 10, klon 18, dan klon 21 (tipe spray). Uji preferance dirasa perlu untuk mengetahui potensi pasar, sebagai salah satu pertimbangan pelepasan varietas. Kemudian setiap klon perlu dilakukan uji stabilitas di dataran rendah. This research is based on the high economic potential of Chrysanthemum as an ornamental crop that always increase, but the cultivation of chrysanthemum is limited on the highlands, related to Physiological and genetic function. The effort of this case is assemble new plants to form the appropriate genotype in lowland condisition. Meanwhile, BALITHI or Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute has a number of clone chrysanthemums by gamma radiation which has ready to be selected (testing conformity for lowland condition). The aim of this research is to obtain clones that have the ability to survive in lowland conditions. There are 10 clones which has selected, they are 5 clones standard type (clone 1, clone 2, clone 22, clone 24, clone 28) and 5 clones spray type (clone 10, clone 18, clone 21, clone 23, clone 25), it was planted in the lowland (Karangtengah-Cianjur) with elevation 250 m asl and in the highland (Cipanas-Cianjur) with elevation 1100 m asl (for compare). The planting process is similar with the general Chrysanthemum, next step is characterizeby vegetative main character (height of plant, leaf length, leaf width) and generative (time of flowers bloom, flower diameter for standard type, flower number for spray type) measured and compared between the characters in lowland and characters in highlandusing statistical methodone sample t test. Each clone that is selected has good quality as chrysanthemum cut flower based on BSN SNI 1998, but not all the clones have good value based on lowland to highland statistic test result. The good character clones at planting in lowland are: clone 1, clone 2, clone 22, clone 24, and clone 28 for standard type, clone 10, clone 18, and clone 21 for spray type. Preferance test is important to do to know the market potential, as one of considerationof release of varieties. Then each clone needs to be tested for stability in lowland.

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