Penerapan Ta'widh pada pembiayaan syariah dengan prinsip Murabahah dan Jaminan Fidusia di Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung

Yahya Shalahuddin, Azka (2018) Penerapan Ta'widh pada pembiayaan syariah dengan prinsip Murabahah dan Jaminan Fidusia di Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Lembaga keuangan merupakan suatu perusahaan yang usahanya bergerak dibidang jasa keuangan. Seperti Leasing Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung yang dalam operasinya telah dibekali dengan berbagai peraturan dan ketentuan prinsip syariah. Salah satu ketentuan tersebut adalah adanya ketentuan ganti rugi bagi nasabah yang lalai atau terlambat dalam membayar kewajibannya dalam pembiayaan kepemilikan mobil, di mana dalam ketentuan denda tersebut nilai ganti rugi ditentukan di dalam akad yaitu sebesar 0,3%. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Mekanisme akad Pembiayaan Syariah dengan Prinsip Murabahah dan Jaminan Fidusia di Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung; (2) Penetapan ganti rugi (ta’widh) pada produk Pembiayaan Syariah dengan Prinsip Murabahah dan Jaminan Fidusia di Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung; (3) Analisis Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.43/DSN-MUI/VII/2004 terhadap mekanisme akad dan penetapan denda pada Pembiayaan Syariah dengan Prinsip Murabahah dan Jaminan Fidusia di Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung. Penelitian ini bertolak dari fatwa tentang denda (ganti rugi), menurut Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.43/DSN-MUI/VII/2004 tentang ganti rugi (ta’widh) besarnya ganti rugi tidak boleh dicantumkan dalam akad, denda tersebut boleh dikenakan kepada nasabah dengan syarat denda tersebut harus sesuai dengan apa yang telah di fatwakan oleh DSN-MUI, namun apabila denda tersebut belum sesuai atau belum harmonis dengan prinsip syariah maka denda tersebut tidak boleh diberlakukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif analisis, yaitu metode yang bertujuan untuk membuat deskriptif, gambaran, atau lukisan mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diselidiki. Sedangkan pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakan yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang diselidiki. Analisis data mengguanakan pendekatan kualitatif. Setelah data yang terkumpul, yang kemudian menjadi suatu kesimpulan adalah penetuan ganti rugi (ta’widh) pada pembiayaan kepemilikan mobil di Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung mengunakan akad murabahah. Mekanisme akad yang dilakukan oleh Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung besarnya ganti rugi dicantumkan dalam akad, seharusnya besar kecilnya ganti rugi itu tidak boleh dicantumkan dalam akad. Karena dengan sistem seperti itu pihak nasabah merasa dirugikan atau diberatkan dengan ganti rugi yang telah dicantumkan dan tidak sesuai dengan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.43/DSN-MUI/VII/2004 tentang ganti rugi (ta’widh) besarnya ganti rugi tidak boleh dicantumkan dalam akad. ABSTRACT Yahya Shalahuddin Azka: Application of Ta'widh on Sharia Financing with the Principles of Murabahah and Fiduciary Guarantee in Astra Credit Companies Sharia Bandung. . A financial institution is a company whose business is engaged in financial services. Like Astra Credit Companies Sharia Leasing, which in its operations has been equipped with various rules and provisions of sharia principles. One of these provisions is the provision of compensation for negligent or late customers in paying their obligations in financing car ownership, in which the compensation value is determined in the contract that is 0.3%. This study aims to find out: (1) Mechanism of contract of Sharia Financing with the Principles of Murabahah and Fiduciary Guarantee in Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung; (2) Determination of compensation (ta'widh) on Sharia Financing products with the Principles of Murabahah and Fiduciary Guarantee in Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung; (3) Fatwa Analysis of the National Sharia Council No.43 / DSN-MUI / VII / 2004 on the mechanism of the contract and the determination of fines on Sharia Financing with the Principles of Murabahah and Fiduciary Guarantee in Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung. This research is based on a fatwa concerning fines (compensation), according to Fatwa of the National Sharia Council No.43 / DSN-MUI / VII / 2004 concerning compensation (ta'widh) the amount of compensation cannot be included in the contract, the fine may be imposed on the customer with the fine conditions must be in accordance with what has been ordered by the DSN-MUI, but if the fine is not appropriate or not in harmony with the sharia principle, the fine may not be applied. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis method, which is a method that aims to make descriptive, illustrative, or painting of the facts, traits and relationships between the phenomena investigated. Whereas data collection uses observation, interview and literature studies related to the problem being investigated. Data analysis uses a qualitative approach. After the data collected, which then becomes a conclusion is the determination of compensation (ta'widh) on financing car ownership in Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung using murabahah contract. The mechanism of the contract carried out by Astra Credit Companies Syariah Bandung the amount of compensation is stated in the contract, the amount of compensation should not be included in the contract. Because with such a system the customer feels that he has been harmed or weighed down with compensation that has been stated and is not in accordance with the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council No.43 / DSN-MUI / VII / 2004 concerning compensation (ta'widh) the amount of compensation cannot be stated in the contract.

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