Metodologi Istinbāth al-Ahkām Syaikh Mahfuzh al-Tarmasi(L. 1258 H – W. 1338 H) dalam kitab Nail al-Ma’mūl dan relevansinya dengan perkembangan hukum islam di Indonesia

Fauzi, Ahmad Najiyullah (2016) Metodologi Istinbāth al-Ahkām Syaikh Mahfuzh al-Tarmasi(L. 1258 H – W. 1338 H) dalam kitab Nail al-Ma’mūl dan relevansinya dengan perkembangan hukum islam di Indonesia. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA Al-Quran dan al-Hadist adalah sumber pokok hukum yang mempergunakan teks arab, yang dinilai sangat berpotensi memiliki keragaman interpretasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa formulasi metodologi istinbāth al-ahkām yang dijelaskan Syaikh Mahfuzh at-Tarmasi dalam naskah Nail Al-Ma`mūl, kemudian dikaitkan dengan permasalahan sosial kontemporer yang berkembang dalam konteks Indonesia. Objek penelitian ini terhadap naskah Nail al-Ma`mūl, Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Yuridis Historis. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi book review yakni mengkaji dan menyusun kandungan naskah, summary, yaitu menyusun beberapa rumusan uraian singkat, dan citation, yaitu mengutip uraian-uraian penting dari objek penelitian. Istinbāth al-ahkām syaikh mahfuzh al-Tarmasi dalam naskah Nail al-Ma`mūl mempergunakan pendekatan kaidah-kaidah kebahasaan yang meliputi mantūq-mafhūm, ‘ām-khās, muthlaq-muqayyad, mujmal-mubayyin, dan lain-lain. Nalar Istinbāth al-ahkām al-Tarmasi tersebut merupakan metodologi tekstualis yang mempertimbangkan kekuatan madlul sebuah teks dzanni dalam konteks ijtihad sehingga mampu untuk memahami sebuah kepastian makna dari keragaman interpretasi, metodologi ini bisa dijadikan sebagai pijakan dalam pengembangan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: 1 pandangan al-Tarmasi tentang sumber hukum islam dilihat dari aspek normatif bersifat hierarkis-sistematis, yakni jenjang sumber hukum Islam saling berkaitan erat satu sama lainnya. Dilihat dari aspek aplikatif, tidak lagi bersifat hierarkis-sistematis bahwa kasus hukum pada ranah praktis-realistis dengan melihat latar belakang permasalahan hukum dan mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek sangat berpeluang untuk tidak lagi bertolak pada pola pikir sistematis-hierarkis; 2 metodologi istinbāth terhadap sumber-sumber hukum mempergunakan pendekatan kaidah-kaidah kebahasaan memiliki fungsi untuk bisa memahami makna tujuan teks sumber hukum., dan 3 metodologi istinbāth al-ahkām al-Tarmasi memiliki relevansi dengan proses perkembangan hukum di Indonesia, nalar Istinbāth al-ahkām al-Tarmasi dapat digunakan dalam pembinaan dan perkembangan hukum di Indonesia sehingga mampu memenuhi keperluan masyarakat Indonesia yang selalu mengalami perkembangan. ENGLISH Two primary sources of Islamic law al-Qur’an and Hadith that used Arabic language have been recognized to be potentially leading to diverse interpretation. This dissertation is carried out to analyze a formulation of methodology of Istinbāth al-Ahkām explained by Syaikh Mahfuzh al-Tarmasi in his manuscript Nayl al-Ma’mūl, and to relate it with contemporary issues of Islamic law reform in Indonesian context. Since the object of this study is a manuscript text, the method that was used is historical and content analysis, by assessing and reviewing the text, comparing with other relevant data, and reading its contents to come out with sufficient description about al-Tarmasi’s methodology of Istinbāth. While technique of data collection applies book review, summing up ideas in brief description, and citation. Istinbāth al-Ahkām methodology of al-Tarmasi in his Nayl al-Ma’mūl employs linguistic principles on mantūq-mafhūm (implicit and explicit meanings), ‘ām-khāss (general and specific meaning), muthlaq-muqayyad (undefined and defined meaning), and mujmal-mubayyan (unexplained and explained meaning). This Istinbāth methodology is textual reasoning deploys equivocal meanings of the texts within implementation of ijtihād, to find out definitive meaning from multiple and diversity of interpretation. For corollary, this methodology could be applied to develop Islamic law reform in Indonesian context. This study finds out and concludes in following points: 1In theoretical norm, the view of al-Tarmasi regarding sources of Islamic law is systematical-hierarchical in which they have levels of reference intertwined with each other, while in applicative practices it is not. It means that he sees legal cases practically by reviewing many aspects that leads to interaction with the sources without considering to their level of hierarchy; 2Al-Tarmasi’s method of Istinbāth al-Ahkām in reading the sources by applying linguistic principles bring to find out meanings and purposes of the text, so diversity of interpretation of legal texts is inevitable; 3Al-Tarmasi’s discussion on method of Istinbāth al-Ahkām and his application of linguistic principles has relevance to the development of Islamic law reform in Indonesia, Istinbāth al-Ahkām al-Tarmasi can be used developing laws in Indonesia, so then it may cover Indonesian utility that has been growing now a days.

Item Type: Thesis (Doktoral)
Subjects: Islam > Muslims Persons, Imams
Fikih (Fiqih, Fiqh), Hukum Islam
Divisions: Pascasarjana Program Doktor > Program Studi Hukum Islam
Depositing User: Users 11 not found.
Date Deposited: 10 Dec 2018 08:09
Last Modified: 10 Dec 2018 08:47
URI: https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/17202

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