Dinamika pemikiran dan gerakan Islam kontemporer di perguruan tinggi umum: studi tentang relasi sosio-religius Masjid Salman ITB Bandung

Nurmawan, Nurmawan (2016) Dinamika pemikiran dan gerakan Islam kontemporer di perguruan tinggi umum: studi tentang relasi sosio-religius Masjid Salman ITB Bandung. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi fenomena maraknya kegiatan Islam di perguruan tinggi-perguruan tinggi umum pada dekade 1980-an sehingga menjadi bagian tersendiri dari gejala bangkitnya pemikiran dan gerakan Islam di Indonesia. Lembaga dakwah kampus dengan sentral kegiatan di masjid-masjid kampus telah menjadi inti gerakan yang tidak dapat dilupakan dalam sejarah gerakan Islam di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah Masjid-Salman ITB. Seiring perjalanan waktu, pemikiran dan gerakan Islam itu menuai sejumlah kritik, saran, dan harapan tentang keberadaan Masjid-Salman yang muncul dari berbagai kalangan baik sebagai mantan aktivis pengurus, maupun masyarakat luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menganalisis latar belakang sejarah berdirinya Masjid-Salman, (2) menganalisa faktor pembentuk pemikiran dan gerakan Islam Masjid-Salman, (3) menganalisis periodisasi perkembangan pemikiran dan gerakan Islam Masjid-Salman, (4) menganalisa manajemen pengelolaan kegiatan Masjid-Salman sebagai aktualisasi dari pemikiran dan gerakan Islam, dan (5) menganalisa kritik, saran, dan harapan keberadaan Masjid-Salman ke depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Sumber data primer adalah tokoh yang menjadi pelaku atau saksi sejarah berdirinya Masjid-Salman dan kelompok masyarakat; pelajar, mahasiswa, maupun masyarakat umum. Data sekunder berasal dari buku-buku sebagai literatur yang membahas tentang perkembangan pemikiran dan gerakan Islam Masjid-Salman dan dokumen-dokumen. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi wawancara mendalam (depth interview). Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dokumenter, dan life histories. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, interaksionisme simbolik, dan etnometodologi. Penelitan ini menggunakan teori tentang Peradaban Manusia sebagai teori utama (grand theory); teori tentang keberagamaan dan perilaku sosial sebagai teori menengah (middle range theory); dan teori tentang gerakan sosial dan gerakan Islam sebagai teori aplikatif (applicative theory). Dengan penelitian ini disimpulkan: (1) beridirinya Masjid-Salman selain karena kebutuhan sarana beribadah, juga merupakan refleksi dari perjuangan ideologi bangsa sehingga dapat dikatakan berdirinya Masjid Salman merupakan bagian dari artikulasi dan internalisasi identitas pemikiran dan gerakan Islam di Indonesia. (2) penguat pemikiran dan gerakan Islam Masjid-Salman terjadi karena pandangan bahwa Islam sedang dihadapkan pada tantangan dinamika politik, sosial, dan budaya baik dalam sekala lokal maupun global, dan tantangan sains modern, (3) Periodisasi pemikiran dan gerakan Islam Salman memiliki empat corak; periode 1970-an bercorak ideologis, periode 1980-an lebih bercorak kultural, periode 1990-an bercorak politik, dan periode 2000-an dan seterusnya bercorak reformasi internal. (4) manajemen pengelolaan berkembang dan beragam dilakukan secara independen, dan (5) analisis dan kritik terhadap dinamika pemikiran dan gerakan Islam Masjid-Salman lebih dimkasudkan agar Salman menjaga konsistensinya melahirkan terobosan dan program-program baru, sehingga dapat menemukan kembali momentumnya (Reinventing and transforming) di tengah pergulatan era modern dewasa ini. ENGLISH This research is based on the phenomenon of the rise of Islamic activities at university level in 1980’s which has been showing its own charateristics as a phenomenon of the rise of Islamic movements in Indonesia. The dakwah institution centered at campus has become a central part of Islamic movement that cannot be neglected in the history of Islamic movement. Salman-Mosque in Bandung is the case. As time goes by, a number of critiques, suggestions, and expectations concerning the role of Salman-Mosque come from its ex-activists, Muslim people, and, even, the society in general. The aims of the research are: (1) to analyze historical background of the Salman-Mosque, (2) to analyze factor forming of Islamic thoughts and movements at Salman-Mosque, (3) to analyze periodical development of Islamic thoughts and movements at Salman-Mosque, (4) to analyze management of the Salman-Mosque as the actualization of Islamic thoughts and movement, and (5) to analyze criticisms, suggestions, and expectations of Salman-Mosque in the future. This research uses descriptive analytical method. The primary data sources are figures who become perpetrators or witnesses the history of Salman-Mosque and Muslim groups, students, and the society in general, and official documents of Salman Mosque. Secondary data come from the books, journals, etc., that discuss the development of Islamic thoughts and movements at Salman-Mosque. Data collection techniques being used are observation, indepth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), documentaries, and life histories. Process of data analysis relies on the phenomenological approach, perspective of symbolic interactionism, and ethno-methodology. This research uses human civilization theory as its grand theory. The religious and social behavior theories are used as middle-range theories. The social movements and religious movements theories are used as its applicative theories. The research concludes: (1) The establishment of Salman-Mosque not only as a place of worship, but also as a means of the ideological struggle of the nation; so that, it can be said the establishment of Salman-Mosque is part of the articulation and internalization of identity of Islamic thoughts and movements in Indonesia. (2) Reinforcement of the Islamic thoughts and movement at Salman-Mosque occurs because the view that Islam is being challenged by the political, social, and cultural dynamics both locally and globally, and the challenges of modern science, (3) Periodization of Islamic thoughts and movement at Salman-Mosque has four characteristics; the 1970s’ period showed an ideological characteristic, the 1980s more cultural in nature, the 1990s’ period showed its concern on politics, and the period of the 2000s onwards focused more on internal reform. (4) Mosque management varies and develops independently, and (5) Analysis and critiques of the dynamics of Islamic thoughts and movements at Salman-Mosque is intended more to maintain consistency to create breakthroughs and new programs; so as to rediscover its momentum (reinventing and transforming) in the struggle of today's modern era

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