Pembelajaran balaghah di pesantren tradisional dan pesantren modern: Studi di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Mursyidi Tasikmalaya dan Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah Bandung

Rifa’i, Ilyas (2018) Pembelajaran balaghah di pesantren tradisional dan pesantren modern: Studi di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Mursyidi Tasikmalaya dan Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah Bandung. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA Bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa yang penting. Di Indonesia, bahasa Arab diajarkan di berbagai lembaga, baik formal maupun non-formal, termasuk di pesantren. Ilmu Balaghah merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang diajarkan di pesantren, baik di pesantren tradisional maupun di pesantren modern. Para santri yang belajar di pesantren, umumnya mempelajari balaghah setelah mereka mempelajari ilmu nahwu dan ilmu sharaf. Diantara pesantren yang intensif menyajikan pembelajaran balaghah adalah Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Mursyidi Tasikmalaya dan Pesantren Modern Al-Basyariyah Bandung. Permasalahan tersebut penting untuk dikaji dalam rangka menemukan upaya peningkatan mutu pembelajaran balaghah di pesantren. Penelitian ini bertolak dari kerangka berpikir bahwa pembelajaran adalah proses interaksi antara pembelajar, pengajar dan sumber belajar pada suatu lingkungan belajar. Dan proses belajar mengajar itu terdiri dari aspek-aspek yang saling berinteraksi satu dengan lainnya untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui desain, implementasi, karakteristik, faktor pendukung dan penghambatpembelajaran balaghah di Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Mursyidi Tasikmalaya dan Pesantren Al-Basyariyah Bandung serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran balaghah di kedua pesantren tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yaitu metode penelitian yang menggambarkan fenomena, gejala, peristiwa, dan kejadian yang terjadi di masa sekarang. Teknik pengumpulan datayang digunakan berupa:observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1. Desain pembelajaran balaghah di Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Mursyidi Tasikmalaya dan Pesantren Modern Al- Basyariyah Bandung relatif berbeda, baik dalam tujuan, materi, metode, dan evaluasi pembelajaran; 2. Implementasi pembelajaran balaghah di kedua pesantren tersebutmemiliki banyak perbedaan, terutama dalam penggunaan metode dan langkah-langkah pembelajaran, serta waktu belajar yang tersedia; 3. Ditinjau dari aspek pembelajarannya, pembelajaran balaghah di kedua pesantren tersebut memiliki karakteristik tersendiri, diantaranya bahwa bahan ajar balaghah di pesantren tradisional materinya luas tetapi contohnya sedikit, sedangkan di pesantren modern materinya ringkas tetapi contohnya banyak; 4. Faktor pendukung pembelajaran balaghah di kedua pesantren tersebut antara lain berupa: perangkat keras, perangkat lunak, dan otak pembelajaran. Sedangkan faktor penghambat pembelajarannyaantara lain bersumber dari: pengajar, pembelajar, fasilitas belajar serta lingkungan pembelajaran; 5. Upaya-upaya peningkatan mutu pembelajaran balaghah di kedua pesantren tersebut antara lain dilakukan melalui:pembinaan pengajar dan pembelajar, pengelolaan kelas, pengembangan bahan ajar, pemanfaatan alat-alat teknologi, dan penyediaan buku-buku balaghah di perpustakaan pesantren. ENGLISH Arabic is a very important language. In Indonesia Arabic is taught in various institutions, both formal and informal, including in boarding schools. Balaghah Science is one of the subjects taught in boarding schools, both in traditional Islamic boarding schools and in modern Islamic boarding schools. The students who study in boarding schools generally study balaghah after they had learned nahwu and sharaf. Among the boarding schools that intensively present balaghah learning are The Traditional Al-Musyidi Islamic Boarding School Tasikmalaya and The Modern Al-Basyariyah Islamic Boarding School Bandung. This research is based on the framework of thinking that learning is the process of interaction between learners, instructors and learning resources in a learning environment. In the teaching and learning process there are interacting aspects between one aspect and the other aspects that aim to achieve the learning goals. This study aims to determine the design, implementation, characteristics, supporting factors and inhibiting factors of balaghah learning in The Traditional Al-Musyidi Islamic Boarding School Tasikmalaya and The Modern Al- Basyariyah Islamic Boarding School Bandung. This study also reveal the efforts that can be made to improve the quality of learning in both boarding school This study applies a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, namely research methods that describe phenomena, symptoms, events and events that occur in the present. Data collection techniques used in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study show that: 1. Balaghah learning design in The Traditional Al-Musyidi Islamic Boarding School Tasikmalaya and The Modern Al-Basyariyah Islamic Boarding School Bandung is relatively different, both in the purpose, material, method and evaluation of learning; 2. Implementation of balaghah learning in the two boarding school has many differences, especially in the use of methods and learning steps and time available; 3. In terms of learning aspects, balaghah learning in both boarding school has its own characteristics, including balaghah teaching materials in traditional Islamic boarding schools the material is broad but the examples are few, while in modern boarding school the material is concise but many examples; 4. Factors supporting balaghah learning in the two boarding school include: hardware, software and learning brains. While the inhibiting factors of learning come from: instructors, learners, learning facilities and learning environments; 5. Efforts to improve the quality of balaghah learning in the two boarding school include: fostering teachers and learners, managing classes, developing teaching materials, utilizing tools and technology / ICT and providing balaghah books in Boarding School libraries.

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