Word formation for gender in English and Arabic

Fitriyani, Risa (2011) Word formation for gender in English and Arabic. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Language forms a relationship with culture. The term culture refers to all ideas about the nature of things and people learnt when humans become members of social group. Meanwhile, language is an idea learnt by humans to communicate each other. Language also reflects the culture or the reality of human beings. The reality reflected in language as a part of culture is gender. It is created from the reality that humans consist of man and woman. Meanwhile, English and Arabic are languages which have gender words. Based on the description, this paper describes about what patterns of word formations which refer to gender in English and Arabic and how the words influence the sentence structure. The analysis of gender in language includes to morphological process and the formation of word through affixation. So this paper elaborates the meaning and explanation of morphology, word formation, gender in English and Arabic, and the sentence structure of them to know whether the gender words give an influence in the sentence or not. The kinds of gender in English are masculine, feminine, common, and neuter whereas in Arabic are mudzakar and muannats. The method used in this research is qualitative method with document analysis focusing on text or written words as the data. The data are collected by the technique of library study from Jami’ Ad-durus Al-‘arabiyyah of Syaikh Alghulayain for Arabic and The book of Marcella Frank, Modern English, for English. The data are analyzed by using constant comparative method and morphological constructive analysis, which compare the morpheme as the datum to the other data. The findings of this research are that gender words in English and Arabic are divided into regular and irregular. What can be identified for the morphological process is the regular gender which the feminine words are formed from masculine words. English gender has the patterns of two initial words and four suffixes in singular form only, while Arabic gender has three suffixes in feminine formation and three formations also in plural form. All of gender words in English and Arabic are inflective. In conclusion, English and Arabic have certain patterns for gender. English gender does not give an influence to the sentence whereas Arabic gender gives an influence to the sentence. Besides, this research also proved that gender concept is not only limited in social construction but it can also be understood as a formation of word in a language structurally.

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