Escapism of victorian society’s life in J.M Barrie’s novel Peter Pan

Ningrum, Yulia Septa (2011) Escapism of victorian society’s life in J.M Barrie’s novel Peter Pan. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Novel as literary work has intrinsic elements; they are such theme, plot, setting, character, etc. When the novel reveals the story, it can be various opinion of the main story. There are many opinions about Peter Pan that justifies the novel as an adventure novel, fairytale, fantasy, children story. But in this case, Peter Pan reveals new issue, not merely fantasy, children etc. but more than those that is escapism. Firstly, escapism is the term of psychology when people feel stress of their daily life; they need to relax their mind by doing something entertaining that make them happy. In fact, many researches have discussed about escapism as literary term. This research explores that escapism might be considered as a theme, but not analyzed as a theme. Escapism is the content of the novel which has relation to reality that is Victorian society at that time. Actually, the definition of escapism itself grows wider. It involves setting, theme, and character of the novel. From several resources it can be created the characteristics of escapism that is The Trigger of Getting Happiness, The Tools in Seeking Pleasure, The Option of individual, The Representation of Unreal World. This research also explores the representation of this escapism and the novel as a whole. The research employed mimetic method as literary critical approach. Mimetic approach views literary work as an imitation, or reflection, or representation of the world and human life, and the primary criterion applied to a work is the ‘truth’ of its representation to the subject matter that it represents. Thus, this research takes the novel as data which is analyzed and involves the outside of the novel that is history in accordance with this method which not only analyze the novel but also the outside circumstance of the novel. Then, actually, the definition of escapism itself grows wider. It involves setting, theme, and character of the novel. From several resources it can be created the characteristics of escapism that is The Trigger of Getting Happiness, The Tools in Seeking Pleasure, The Option of individual, The Representation of Unreal World. This research also explores the representation of this escapism and the novel as a whole. Finally, the result of this research is there are four characteristics of escapism were found in the novel. It can be seen from several quotations and its interpretation based on the theory which refers to those characteristics. Furthermore, this escapism can be interpreted as a satire toward Victorian, especially upper class which cannot recognize the oppression of lower class, even they claim the lower not as a human, but machine. As the final conclusion, what was done by the character of the novel, where the character does the action, and for what the character do that, become the characteristics of escapism. Then, it is not merely the issue revealed by the author in the novel, but become a flexible medium to convey social condition.

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