Pemberian warisan terhadap keturunan non-muslim: Studi analisis putusan MA RI No.1453/PDT.G/2013/PA.MDN

Raudhoh, Hilmi (2019) Pemberian warisan terhadap keturunan non-muslim: Studi analisis putusan MA RI No.1453/PDT.G/2013/PA.MDN. Masters thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Hukum kewarisan Islam mensyaratkan bahwa orang yang berhak mewarisi adalah beragama Islam. Ijma’Ulama menyatakan bahwa perbedaan agama (muslim dan non-muslim) merupakan salah satu faktor penghalang untuk dapat mewarisi. Berkaitan dengan perbedaaan agama, yang disepakati oleh para ulama tersebut adalah bahwa ahli waris non muslim, baik karena sejak awal tidak beragama Islam (kafir) ataupun keluar dari agama Islam (murtad), tidak dapat mewarisi pewaris muslim. Realitamya belakangan terjadi sebuah dinamika hukum terkait dengan issu kewarisan beda agama. Hal ini tampak dalam Putusan hakim Mahkamah Agung menggunakan sistem wasiat wajibah ini sebagai celah atau peluang bagi non Muslim yang tidak menerima waris menjadi menerima dengan dalil adanya wasiat wajibah. Salah satunya dalam Putusan MA RI No.1453/Pdt.G/2013/Pa.Mdn yang peneliti temukan yaitu tentang pemberian warisan kepada keturunan non-muslim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis fakta hukum, pertimbangan hukum formil, pertimbangan hukum materil, dan penemuan hukum yang terdapat pada Putusan MA RI No.1453/Pdt.G/2013/Pa.Mdn. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori diskresi, teori penafsiran hukum, teori keadilan hukum, dan teori maslahah. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif pendekatan yang diginakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, metode penelitian dianalisis secara yuridis dan normatif, pengumpulan data berupa penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Temuan dalam penelitian ini Hakim Memberikan bagian waris terhadap keturunan non-muslim dalam hal ini pada cucunya melalui wasiat wajibah.Keturunannya tersebut semacam dijdikan ahli waris pengganti dari ibunya yang telah meninggal mendahului pewaris. Putusan Hakim tersebut mangacu pada yurisprudensi 368/K/AG/1995 tanggal 16 Juli 1995 dan Nomor 51.K/AG/1999 tanggal 29 September 1999. ENGLISH: Islamic inheritance law requires that the person entitled to inherit is Muslim. Ijma' Ulama states that religious differences (Muslim and non-Muslim) are one of the obstacles to being able to inherit. Regarding religious differences, the scholars agreed that non-Muslim heirs were good because from the beginning they were not Muslim (infidels) or out of Islam (apostasy), unable to inherit Muslim heirs. The reality is that there has been a legal dynamic related to the issue of inheritance in different religions. This can be seen in the decision of the Supreme Court judge using this mandatory will system as an opportunity or opportunity for non-Muslims who do not accept inheritance to accept with the obligation of a mandatory will. One of them was the Supreme Court Decree No.1453 / Pdt.G / 2013 / Pa.Mdn which the researchers found was about giving inheritance to non-Muslim offspring. The purpose of this study was to analyze legal facts, formal legal considerations, material legal considerations, and legal findings contained in the Decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No.1453 / Pdt.G / 2013 / Pa.Mdn. The theories used in this study are discretion theory, legal interpretation theory, legal justice theory, and maslahah theory. This type of research is a qualitative approach that is used by the legislative approach and case approach, the research method is analyzed juridically and normatively, data collection in the form of library research. The findings in this study Judge Gives a part of inheritance to non-Muslim offspring in this case to his granddaughter through a mandatory will. The offspring is a kind of substitute heir made by his mother who has passed away before the heir. The Judge's decision referred to jurisprudence 368/K/AG/1995 dated July 16, 1995 and Number 51.K/AG/1999 dated September 29, 1999.

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