Pemikiran politik Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari (1710-1812) dan relevansinya bagi pembinaan politik hukum

Al Audah, Abd. Rochim (2019) Pemikiran politik Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari (1710-1812) dan relevansinya bagi pembinaan politik hukum. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini diawali dari sebuah fakta sejarah bahwa Kitab Sabilal Muhtadin, karya Syekh Al-Banjari, (selanjutnya ditulis SAB) ditulis atas permintaan Sultan Tahmidullah dalam rangka proses Islamisasi dan penerapan Syariat Islam. Berangkat dari asumsi bahwa relasi antara agama dan kekuasaan itu saling membutuhkan dan substansinya akan selalu relevan untuk untuk setiap masa meskipun penguasa telah berganti, penelitian ini bertujuan: pertama, untuk mengungkap substansi pemikiran politik hukum SAB, kedua, kontribusinya bagi proses Islamisasi di kesultanan Banjar, ketiga, relevansinya bagi pembinaan politik hukum. Penelitian tentang substansi pemikiran politik hukum dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji tentang relasi antara SAB dan Sultan Tahmidullah dan substansi dari kitab Sabilal Muhtadin. Penelitian tentang kontribusi pemikiran politik SAB bagi kesultanan Banjar dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji. Pertama proses penyebaran Kitab Sabilal Muhtadin dan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap karya SAB, kedua, pengaruh SAB melalui kitab dan pemikirannya terhadap pembentukan struktur dan Institusi keislaman di kesultanan Banjar. Penelitian tentang relevansi pemikiran politik hukum SAB bagi pembinaan politik hukum nasional dilakukan dengan membandingkan substansi dan tujuan pembinaan hukum nasioanl dengan substansi dan tujuan pemikiran politik hukum SAB. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan; pertama, bahwa substansi dan tujuan pemikiran politik hukum SAB adalah Tauhid, keadilan dan kemaslahatan yang diterapkan secara kontektual sesuai dengan tradisi dan perkembangan masyarakat yang meliputi pada taqnin, tathbiq dan tagryir serta dengan menjalin hubungan baik yang saling mendukung antara ulama dan umara, kedua, pemikiran politik hukum SAB memiliki konstribusi yang besar bagi kesultanan Banjar yang ditandai dengan tersebarnya kitab itu secara luas dan diterima oleh masyarakat luas terhadapnya, serta terbentuknya struktur dan isntitusi keislaman yang dipengaruhi olehnya, ketiga, pemikiran politik hukum SAB relevan dengan pembinaan hukum nasional sebab, substansi pemikirannya yakni Tauhid, keadilan dan kemaslahatan, sejalan dengan substansi pembinaan hukum nasional yang bertujuan mewujudkan keadilan social bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan: pertama, bahwa pemikiran politik hukum tumbuh dan berkembang serta diterima oleh masyarakat luas apabila mendapat dukungan penuh dari kekuasaan pada masa itu. Kedua, bahwa produk hukum yang dibangun oleh SAB melalui kitabnya, merupakan produk politik hukum Sultan Tahmidullah Banjar. Penelitian ini memperkuat teori kredo, teori maslahat dan teori perubahan hukum serta keberlanjutan hukum yang digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis dalam penelitian ini. This research begins with a historical fact that the Sabilal Muhtadin, by Syekh Al- Banjari (SAB) was written at the request of Sultan Tahmidullah in the context of the process of Islamization and implementation of Islamic Shari'a. Departing from the assumption that the relationship between religion and power is mutually needed and the substance will always be relevant for each period even though the ruler has changed, this study aims: first, to reveal the substance of SAB's legal political thinking, second, its contribution to the Islamization process in the Banjar sultanate, third, its relevance for fostering legal politics. The research on the substance of legal political thought is carried out by examining the relationship between SAB and Sultan Tahmidullah and the substance of the book Sabilal Muhtadin. Research on the contribution of SAB political thinking to the Banjar sultanate was carried out by examining. First, the process of disseminating the Sabilal Muhtadin Book and public acceptance of SAB's work, second, the influence of SAB through the book and its thoughts on the formation of Islamic structures and institutions in the Sultanate of Banjar. Research on the relevance of SAB legal political thinking for fostering national legal politics is carried out by comparing the substance and purpose of national legal development with the substance and purpose of SAB's legal political thinking. This research concludes; first, that the substance and objectives of SAB's legal political thought are monotheism, justice and benefit applied contextually in accordance with the traditions and development of society which includes taqnin, tathbiq and tagryir as well as by establishing good relations that support each other between ulama and umara, secondly, thought SAB law politics has a major contribution to the Banjar sultanate which is characterized by the wide spread of the book and is accepted by the wider community towards it, and the formation of Islamic structures and institutions which are influenced by it, thirdly, the political thought of SAB law is relevant to the development of national law because namely monotheism, justice and benefit, in line with the substance of national law development aimed at realizing social justice for all Indonesian people. This study found: first, that legal political thinking grew and developed and was accepted by the wider community if it received full support from power at that time. Second, that the legal product built by SAB through its book is a legal political product of Sultan Tahmidullah Banjar. This research strengthens the Kredo theory, maslahat theory and legal change theory and legal sustainability that are used as the framework of analysis in this study.

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