Skeptisime Ignaz Goldziher (1850-1921 M) terhadap autentisitas hadits dan berbagai tanggapannya

Masrur, Ali (2011) Skeptisime Ignaz Goldziher (1850-1921 M) terhadap autentisitas hadits dan berbagai tanggapannya. Jurnal Wawasan, 34 (2). pp. 114-125. ISSN 0215-109X

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Tulisan ini mengkaji sikap skeptisisme Ignaz Goldzhier terhadap autentisitas hadis Nabi saw. dan berbagai tanggapannya dari para pakar di bidang kajian sejarah perkembangan hadis. Ignaz Goldziher adalah tokoh pertama yang mengkaji hadis secara serius dan terpisah dari kajian sejarah hidup Nabi Muhammad saw. Ia adalah peletak dasar studi hadis di dunia Barat. Oleh karena itu, sikap skeptisismenya terhadap autentisitas hadis sangat penting untuk dikaji. Ignaz Goldziher meragukan keautentikan hadis karena empat hal: Kebanyakan hadis diriwayatkan hanya secara lisan, kebanyakan hadis diriwayatkan oleh para shahabat yunior, bukan oleh shahabat senior; perkembangan hadis dalam jumlah besar pada abad kedua dan ketiga hijrah tidak terbukti dalam kitab-kitab hadis yang lebih awal; Adanya hadis-hadis yang kontradiktif satu sama lain. Skeptisisme Goldziher terhadap autentisitas hadis ini kemudian mendapatkan tanggapan dari para pakar di bidang kajian hadis, seperti Nabia Abbott, Fuat Sezgin, Fazlur Rahman dan Musthafa Azami. ENGLISH: This article studies in Ignaz Goldziher’s scepticism to the authenticity of prophetic hadith and its responses of the students in the field of the history of the development of hadith. Ignaz Goldziher is the first figure who studies in hadith seriously and separately from the study of the history of the life of Muhammad peace be up on him. He is the founder of hadith studies in the western scholarship. Therefore, his scepticism to the authenticity of hadith is significant to study. Goldziher’s suspicions about the authenticity of hadith sprang from several observations: most of prophetic hadith was transmitted only orally without involving written documents; most of hadith was transmitted by junior Companions, not by senior Companions; the proliferation of hadiths in a great quantity in the second and the third century after hijrah was not attested to in the earlier hadith literatures; there were contradictory traditions. Goldziher’s scepticism to the authenticity od hadith, then, finds responses from the students in the field of hadith studies, such as Nabia Abbott, Fuat Sezgin, Fazlur Rahman, and Musthafa Azami.

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