Violation maxim in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter

Mukaromah, Ilis (2017) Violation maxim in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Communication runs well when the speakers and listeners observe rules in the communication. However, communication does not always work well as expected, because sometimes there is one of sides violates the rules in the communication. Therefore, the writer interested to analyze violation on maxims. The purposes of this research are: (1) to analyze and to find the maxims violated in novel “The Scarlet Letter”, and (2) to know the factors that make each of the maxims violated. The writer uses theory of pragmatics by Yule (1996) and Leech (1983), and to analyze two questions in this research the writer uses theory by Grice about cooperative principles that are categorized into four categories of maxims; maxim of quantity, quality, relation, and manner. Afterwards, the writer uses the theory from Levinson (1983) about context to know the factors. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data taken from each chapter of “The Scarlet Letter” novel in the form of conversation of the characters. Then, the data are categorized based on violation of maxim conversation categories. The writer finds 19 data of conversation maxim that are violated. Based on finding and discussion, from 19 data that are analyzed there are four categories maxims that are violated; violation on maxim of quantity, violation on maxim of quality, violation on maxim of relation, and violation on maxim of manner. Then, the factors that make each maxim violated are social factors such as friendship, divorce, revenge, family, and do not know each other, factor of not having similar knowledge, and factor of having similar topic. From the results, it can be concluded that there are violations of maxims in the conversation mostly because of social factor. It is suggested for the next researcher to apply the Grice’s theory of cooperative principle maxim in different object such as debate, interview, movie script, talk show, and many others.

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