The construction of Gerard Genette's narratology in 1984 novel: A narrative discourse study

Burhanudin, Ahmad Khafhid (2020) The construction of Gerard Genette's narratology in 1984 novel: A narrative discourse study. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Literary research in this paper uses the object of study by George Orwell's novel 1984. This novel tells the story of a State that rules absolutely. State leaders can monitor all the movements of their people. There is a narrative structure in this novel that functions as a way for the author to convey his ideas and as an aesthetic effect. However, with the development of literary studies, research on the intrinsic elements of a literary work has been largely abandoned. The students are more interested in discussing literature combined with other branches of science. In fact, literary works can be interpreted through the literary work itself. In this study, the researcher asked three questions about the narrative structure in this novel. The first question is about the narrative sequence contained in the novel 1984. The second question is to find out the point of view used by the narrator in the storytelling and the third question is about who is telling the story in the story. So this research tries to find a narrative structure based on Gerard Genette's narratology theory, namely Order, Mood, and Voice. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using an objective approach. The data was collected by identifying three narratological concepts, through comprehensive reading of novels. Therefore we can find the concept of 1) Order, in the form of Analysis and Prolepses in the novel 1984, 2) Voice, in the form of Heterodiegetic and Homodiegetic, 3) Mood, there is Zero Focalization or zero-localized narrative where the narrator is omniscient of all the facts he has by the characters. Penelitian sastra dalam tulisan ini menggunakan objek kajian novel 1984 karya George Orwell. Novel ini bercerita mengenai Negara yang berkuasa secara absolut, para pemimpin Negara dapat mengawasi segala gerak-gerik rakyatnya. Terdapat struktur naratif di dalam novel ini yang berfungsi sebagai cara dari pengarang untuk menyampaikan gagasannya dan sebagai efek estetis. Akan tetapi, dengan berkembangnya kajian sastra, penelitian akan unsur-unsur intrinsic suatu karya sastra sudah banyak ditinggalkan. Para mahasiswa lebih tertarik membahas sastra yang dipadukan dengan cabang ilmu lain. Padahal, karya sastra dapat dimaknai melalui karya sastra itu sendiri. Pada penelitian ini peneliti mengajukan tiga pertanyaan mengenai struktur naratif dalam novel ini. Pertanyaan pertama mengenai urutan naratif yang terdapat dalam novel 1984. Pertanyaan kedua untuk mengetahui sudut pandang yang digunakan narrator dalam penceritaan dan pertanyaan ketiga mengenai siapa yang bercerita dalam penceritaan. sehingga penelitian ini mencoba untuk menemukan struktur naratif berdasarkan teori narratology Gerard Genette yaitu Order,Mood dan Voice. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan objektif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi tiga konsep naratologi, melalui pembacaan novel secara teliti. Oleh karena itu dapat ditemukan konsep 1) Order, berupa adanya Analepses dan Prolepses di dalam novel 1984, 2) Voice, berupa adanya Heterodiegetic dan Homodiegetic, 3) Mood, terdapat Zero Focalization atau narasi berfokalisasi nol yang mana narrator mahatahu atas segala fakta yang dimiliki oleh para karakter.

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