Pengaruh pemberian sukrosa dan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh (6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) dan Asam Giberelat (GA3)) terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan meristem bawang putih (Allium sativum) varietas lumbu hijau secara in vitro

Dewi, Septiana (2020) Pengaruh pemberian sukrosa dan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh (6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) dan Asam Giberelat (GA3)) terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan meristem bawang putih (Allium sativum) varietas lumbu hijau secara in vitro. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang termasuk kedalam family Amarylidaceae yang memiliki banyak manfaat sebagai rempah obat, pestisida dan bahan kosmetik. Permintaan bawang putih semakin meningkat akan tetapi tidak diiringi dengan meningkatnya hasil produksi.Budidaya konvensional tidak dapat menyediakan dan menghasilkan bibit yang berkualtias dikarenakan dapat terjadinya transfer virus. Kultur jaringan merupakan perbanyakan untuk menangani masalah penyediaan bibit dalam waktu singkat, jumlah banyak, tahan terhadap virus dan sama dengan induknya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan konsentrasi sukrosa dan kombinasi BAP + GA3 yang optimal terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan meristem bawang putih secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan januari sampai juni 2020 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan UIN Sunan Gunung Djati. Bahan tanam yang digunakan berupa meristem dari umbi bawang putih varietas lumbu hijau berasal dari sentra tani, Sukorejo, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan RAL dua faktorial dan deskriptif. Perlakuan penelitian Sukrosa (30 g, 60 g, 90 g, 120 g), BAP (2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm) dan GA3 (0,5 ppm, 1,0 ppm, 1,5 ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pengaruh antara sukrosa dan BAP + GA3 ditunjukan dengan adanya perkembangan eksplan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang eksplan. Perlakuan sukrosa 90 g L-1 dan kombinasi BAP 4 ppm + GA3 1,0 ppm mampu menghasilkan rata-rata panjang eksplan tertinggi sebesar 3,46 cm dan 3,92 cm. Kata kunci : 6-benzylaminopurine, asam giberelat, in vitro, meristem bawang putih, sukrosa ABSTRACT Septiana Dewi, 2020. The Effect of Sucrose and the Combination of Plant Growth Regulatory (6 Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Giberellic Acid (GA3) For Explants Meristem Of Onion (Allium Sativum) Lumbu Hijau Variety By In Vitro. Under the guidance of Liberty Chaidir dan Windhy Chandria Garlic is a horticultural plant that belongs to the Amarylidaceae family. It has many benefits such as a medicinal spice, pesticide and cosmetic ingredient. The increasing demand for garlic is unbalanced compare to limited increasing in production. Conventional cultivation unable to provide and produce quality seeds due to virus transfer. Tissue culture is one of the solution to deal with the problem to providing large number of seeds that resistant to viruses and similarto the parent, withinshort time. The purpose of this study is to influence and determine the optimal concentration of sucrose and the combination of BAP + GA3 for the growth of garlic meristem explants in vitro. This research was conducted from January to June 2020 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati. The planting material using meristems from garlic bulbs variety of lumbu hijau from sentra tani, Sukorejo, Kendal Regency, Central Java. The research method applies completely randomized design with two factorial and descriptive method. The research treatments were sucrose (30 g, 60 g, 90 g, 120 g), BAP (2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm) and GA3 (0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 1.5 ppm). The result show that there was an effect between sucrose and BAP and GA3 as indicated by the development of explants but affect plant length even though not significantly. Sucrose treatment of 90 g L-1 and combination of BAP 4 ppm + GA3 1,0 ppm was able to produce the highest average plant length of 3,46 cm and 3,92 cm. Keywords: 6-benzylaminopurine, giberellic acid, in vitro, garlic meristem, sucrose

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