Implementasi taukil wali nikah di masa pandemi Covid-19 : Penelitian di KUA Kecamatan se-Kota Bandung

Umaran, Aji Iqbal (2021) Implementasi taukil wali nikah di masa pandemi Covid-19 : Penelitian di KUA Kecamatan se-Kota Bandung. Masters thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Indonesia sebagai negara yang terdampak covid-19 mengeluarkan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Aturan ini mengatur berbagai aspek mulai dari pelaksanaan pendidikan, pekerjaan hingga peribadatan termasuk Pernikahan. Dalam pernikahan kehadiran wali sangat penting, karena kedudukan wali menjadi hal yang sangat utama yaitu sebagai salah satu rukun dalam pernikahan. Jika tidak ada wali, maka pernikahan tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Kebijakan pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB) telah menyebabkan kesulitan wali untuk hadir secara langsung pada acara pernikahan. Alasannya karena ada larangan bepergian keluar Kota, terpapar virus covid-19, menyebarkan virus covid-19 atau rentan untuk terpapar dengan sebab usia lanjut atau memiliki penyakit bawaan. Kondisi seperti ini dapat menyebabkan batalnya pernikahan yang telah direncanakan. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka dalam penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan beberapa rumusan masalah, yang meliputi: tinjuan hukum islam tentang taukil wali, implementasi taukil wali pernikahan di masa pandemi Covid-19 di KUA Kecamatan se-kota Bandung dan hukum taukil wali nikah yang disebabkan kekhawatiran terjadinya penyebaran Covid -19 dimasa pandemi di KUA Kecamatan se-kota Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketentuan Hukum tentang taukil wali nikah dalam pernikahan, implementasi taukil wali dimasa pandemi Covid-19 di KUA Kecamatan se-kota Bandung dan mengetahui hukum taukil wali nikah yang disebabkan kekhawatiran terjadinya penyebaran covid-19 dalam pelaksanaan Akad Nikah di masa Pandemi Covid -19 di KUA Kecamatan se-kota Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui Observasi dan Wawancara. Langkah-langkah analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data (data reduction), unitisasi dan kategorisasi data, penyajian data (data display), dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam perspektif Hukum Islam taukil wali nikah diperbolehkan berdasarkan pada Al Qur’an, hadits dan kaidah-kaidah ushul fiqh, dengan ketentuan bahwa muwakil dan wakil memenuhi syarat-syarat secara syar’i. Proses taukil wali diikrarkan dihadapan PPN/Kepala KUA, disaksikan oleh dua orang saksi yang selanjutnya dituangkan dalam surat taukil wali nikah yang ditandatangani semua pihak. Taukil wali nikah yang asalnya hanya berupa kebolehan, di saat terjadinya pandemi covid-19 dapat berubah hukumnya menjadi wajib. Hal ini didasarkan kepada maqasid al syari yaitu menjaga diri (hifdz al nafs) bagi wali nikah dan menjaga keturunan (hifdz al nasl) bagi kedua mempelai. ENGLISH: Indonesia, as a country affected by COVID-19, has issued a large-scale social restriction (PSBB) policy. This rule regulates various aspects ranging from the implementation of education, work to worship including marriage. In marriage, the presence of a guardian is very important, because the position of the guardian is very important, namely as one of the pillars in marriage. If there is no guardian, then the marriage cannot be carried out. The large-scale social restriction (PSBB) policy has made it difficult for guardians to attend in person at the wedding. The reason is because there is a ban on traveling outside the city, being exposed to the covid-19 virus, spreading the covid-19 virus or being vulnerable to exposure due to old age or having a congenital disease. Conditions like this can lead to the cancellation of the planned marriage. Based on the above background, in this study several formulations of the problem can be formulated, which include: an overview of Islamic law regarding guardianship taukil, implementation of marriage guardian taukil during the Covid-19 pandemic at KUA Sub-districts throughout the city of Bandung and marriage guardian taukil law caused by concerns about the spread of Covid-19 during the pandemic in KUA Sub-districts throughout the city of Bandung. This study aims to find out the legal provisions regarding marriage guardian taukil in marriage, the implementation of guardian marriage during the Covid-19 pandemic at KUA Sub-districts throughout the city of Bandung and to know the law of marriage guardian taukil due to concerns about the spread of covid-19 in the implementation of the Marriage Contract during the Pandemic. Covid -19 at KUA Sub-districts throughout the city of Bandung. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method, with data collection techniques using purposive sampling. The method of data collection was carried out through observation and interviews. The steps of data analysis in this research are data reduction, data unitization and categorization, data display, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that in the perspective of Islamic law, taukil guardians of marriage are allowed based on the Qur'an, hadith and the rules of ushul fiqh, with the stipulation that the deputy and the representative fulfill the requirements according to syar'i. The guardian taukil process is pledged in front of the PPN/Head of KUA, witnessed by two witnesses which is then stated in the marriage guardian taukil letter which is signed by all parties. The marriage guardian taukil, which originally was only in the form of permissibility, during the COVID-19 pandemic could change the law to become mandatory. This is based on maqasid al syari, namely taking care of oneself (hifdz al nafs) for marriage guardians and maintaining offspring (hifdz al nasl) for the bride and groom.

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