Perlindungan hukum terhadap Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator dalam tindak pidana terorganisir perspektif hukum Islam

Herdiyanti, Sri Desri (2020) Perlindungan hukum terhadap Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator dalam tindak pidana terorganisir perspektif hukum Islam. Masters thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA : Tindak pidana terorganisir merupakan sebuah tindak pidana yang paling sulit dan rumit pengungkapan serta pemberantasannya, hal ini membutuhkan sebuah solusi, yakni dengan mengikutsertakan peran whistleblower dan justice collaborator. Namun, peranan penting ini tidak di dukung secara optimal jaminan perlindungannya. Adapun dalam hukum Islam, jaminan perlindungan terhadap manusia diwajibkan atas lima perkara (Maqashid Asy-Syariah), yaitu perlindungan terhadap agama, keturunan, jiwa, akal, dan harta. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap whistleblower dan justice collaborator dalam tindak pidana terorganisir di Indonesia dengan hukum Islam dan relevansi perlindungan hukumnya sebagai upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorganisir di masa mendatang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, melalui pendekatan deskriptif komparatif (perbandingan), dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan studi kepustakaan (library research), dan teknik analisisnya normatif kualitatif, dengan sumber data primer, sekunder dan tersier. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, ditemukan fakta bahwa banyak whistleblower yang menjadi terlapor dengan dalih pencemaran nama baik, dan justice collaborator tidak diberikan penghargaan berupa keringanan penjatuhan pidana yakni sanksi hukuman yang dijatuhkan sama dengan pelaku pidana lainnya. Padahal dalam Pasal 10 UU No. 31 Tahun 2014 seharusnya whistleblower dan justice collaborator diberikan penghargaan dan jaminan perlindungan atas persaksiannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: Pertama, perlindungan hukum terhadap whistleblower dan justice collaborator dalam tindak pidana terorganisir di Indonesia belum bekerja secara optimal, yang disebabkan karena perbedaan penafsiran antara aparat penegak hukum, serta belum adanya instrumen hukum beracara yang mendukung. Kedua, Perlindungan hukum terhadap whistleblower dan justice collaborator dalam hukum Islam diqiyaskan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia yang berkaitan dengan Maqashid Asy-Syariah yang sanksi dan hukumannya telah diatur dalam Al-Quran dan Hadits. Ketiga, relevansi perlindungan hukum terhadap whistleblower dan justice collaborator dalam upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorganisir di Indonesia dengan hukum Islam dinilai sudah relevan karena kedua hukum ini mewajibkan untuk melindungi semua individu manusia, namun dalam pelaksanaan perlindungannya belum relevan. Diharapkan adanya terobosan hukum baru dalam jangka panjang dengan memasukan konsep perlindungan saksi dalam Islam (Maqashid Asy-Syariah) ke peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia dimasa yang akan datang. ENGLISH : Organized crime is the most difficult and complicated crime to disclose and eradicate, this requires a solution, namely by including the role of whistleblowers and justice collaborators. However, this important role is not optimally supported by the guarantee of protection. As for Islamic law, guarantees of protection for humans are required for five cases (Maqashid Ash-Syariah), namely protection of religion, lineage, soul, mind, and property. The purpose of this study is to find out how the legal protection of whistleblowers and justice collaborators in organized crime in Indonesia is based on Islamic law and the relevance of legal protection as an effort to prevent organized crime in the future. The research method used is normative juridical, through a comparative descriptive approach (comparison), with descriptive analytical research specifications. The type of data used is qualitative with library research collection techniques, and the analysis technique is normative qualitative, with primary, secondary and tertiary data sources. Based on the data obtained, it was found that many whistleblowers were reported under the pretext of defamation, and justice collaborators were not given an award in the form of leniency in criminal penalties, namely the punishment imposed was the same as for other criminal actors. Whereas in Article 10 of Law no. 31 of 2014, whistleblowers and justice collaborators should be given awards and guarantees for the protection of their testimonies. The results of this study indicate that: First, legal protection for whistleblowers and justice collaborators in organized crime in Indonesia has not worked optimally, which is due to differences in interpretation between law enforcement officers, and the absence of supporting legal instruments. Second, legal protection for whistleblowers and justice collaborators in Islamic law is qiyad with Human Rights relating to Maqashid Asy-Syariah whose sanctions and penalties have been regulated in the Al-Quran and Hadith. Third, the relevance of legal protection for whistleblowers and justice collaborators in efforts to combat organized crime in Indonesia with Islamic law is considered relevant because these two laws oblige to protect all human individuals, but in the implementation of their protection it is not relevant. It is hoped that there will be a new legal breakthrough in the long term by incorporating the concept of witness protection in Islam (Maqashid Asy-Syariah) into Indonesian laws and regulations in the future.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Perlindungan Hukum; Whistleblower; Justice Collaborator; Tindak Pidana Terorganisir; Hukum Islam;
Subjects: Islam Umum
Al-Qur'an (Al Qur'an, Alquran, Quran) dan Ilmu yang Berkaitan
Al-Hadits dan yang Berkaitan
Law
Criminal Law
Divisions: Pascasarjana Program Magister > Program Studi Ilmu Hukum
Depositing User: Sri Desri Herdiyanti
Date Deposited: 11 Jan 2022 06:31
Last Modified: 11 Jan 2022 06:31
URI: https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/47750

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