Efektivitas serangga pada penyerbukan tanaman markisa kuning (Passiflora Edulis Forma Flavicarpa) di Kampung Organik Beji, Wonogiri

Wibisana, Gunawan (2022) Efektivitas serangga pada penyerbukan tanaman markisa kuning (Passiflora Edulis Forma Flavicarpa) di Kampung Organik Beji, Wonogiri. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA : Produksi salah satu komoditas pertanian di Beji, yaitu markisa kuning (Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa) bergantung pada keberadaan serangga. Hal ini dikarenakan tanaman markisa kuning tidak dapat melakukan penyerbukan sendiri (self-incompatible) dan bergantung pada jasa penyerbukan silang oleh serangga. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, perilaku, dan efektivitas penyerbukan oleh serangga pada tanaman markisa kuning. Pengamatan keanekaragaman dilakukan dengan metode scan sampling, sedangkan pengamatan perilaku dengan metode focal sampling. Pengamatan efektivitas penyerbukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 2 faktorial, berdasarkan 3 perlakuan dan 3 lokasi menggunakan 135 bunga. Sampel bunga dipilih secara random sampling, sedangkan lokasi penelitian dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Perlakuan tersebut yaitu penyerbukan silang manual/hand cross-pollination (HCP), penyerbukan terbuka oleh serangga/open pollination (OP), dan penyerbukan sendiri/self pollination (SP). Parameter efektivitas penyerbukan berupa fruit set, panjang, diameter, dan berat buah, jumlah biji, serta kadar zat terlarut (TSS). Hasilnya menunjukan terdapat 256 individu serangga pengunjung bunga dari 26 spesies, 5 ordo, dan 12 famili dengan indeks keanekaragaman sedang, penyebaran merata, dan dominasi rendah. Dua di antara serangga pengunjung dominan, yaitu Tetragonula laeviceps dan Xylocopa latipes dapat berperan sebagai penyerbuk. X. latipes mengunjungi bunga dalam waktu lebih singkat, memiliki jumlah kunjungan bunga per menit dan pollen load lebih banyak dibandingkan T. laeviceps. Penyerbukan dengan perlakuan SP tidak menghasilkan fruit set. Perlakuan OP menghasilkan fruit set (OP=56,7%, HCP=43,6%) dan parameter buah yang tidak berbeda signifikan dibandingkan perlakuan HCP. ENGLISH : The production of one of the agricultural commodities in Beji, namely yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa) depends on the presence of insects. This is caused by the self-incompatibility and reliability of cross-pollination services by insects on yellow passion fruit. The research aimed to study the diversity, behavior, and effectiveness of insect pollination on yellow passion fruit. Scan sampling method was performed to observe diversity, while behavioral observations were conducted using focal sampling. Pollination effectivity observations were studied using 2 factorials Randomized Block Design (RAK), based on 3 treatments and 3 locations using 135 flowers. The flower samples were selected randomly, while the locations were selected by purposive sampling. The treatments were manual hand cross-pollination (HCP), open pollination by insects (OP), and self-pollination (SP). Pollination effectiveness parameters in the form of fruit set, length, diameter and weight of fruit, number of seeds, and total soluble solids (TSS). The results showed that there were 256 individual flower-visiting insects from 26 species, 5 orders, and 12 families with moderate diversity index, evenly distributed, and low dominance. Two of the dominant visiting insects, namely Tetragonula laeviceps and Xylocopa latipes, can act as pollinators. X. latipes visited flowers at shorter times and had more flower visitation rate per minute and pollen load than T. laeviceps. Pollination with SP treatment did not produce fruit sets. The OP treatment resulted in a fruit set (OP=56,7%, HCP=43,6%) and fruit parameters that were not significantly different from the HCP treatment.

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