Analisis fenomenologis terhadap nilai-nilai sufisme dalam tradisi keagamaan masyarakat Muslim Sunda

Sutiana, Yana (2021) Analisis fenomenologis terhadap nilai-nilai sufisme dalam tradisi keagamaan masyarakat Muslim Sunda. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA : Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa fenomena integrasi tradisi neo-sufisme (tasawuf kontemporer) dengan tradisi etnis Sunda sebagai etnis mayoritas di Jawa Barat telah melahirkan bentuk “sufisme etnik”, di mana neo-sufisme adalah antitesis dari sufisme klasik. Pernyataan berdasarkan kajian fenomenologi dalam paradigma keilmuan religious studies, yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif empirik, dan mengunakan metode grounded research. Data-data penelitian bersumber dari para tokoh agama, tokoh budayawan, dan tokoh akademisi kesundaan di kalangan muslim Sunda. Penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa sufisme etnik merupakan perkembangan pemahaman dari pemikiran, sikap, dan penga¬malan keagamaan setiap masyarakat dalam menghadapi problematika modernitas, hal ini sebagaimana sufisme kontemporer bermetamorfosis dengan konteks kekinian dan menjadi corak pemahaman sufisme baru disesuaikan dengan budaya dan kultur setempat. Salah satu aspek dari entitas budaya tersebut adalah etnisitas (ethnicity). Sufisme etnik dalam masyarakat muslim Sunda bukan hanya pemahaman tentang pendekatan diri kepada Tuhan, namun dipengaruhi kearifan lokal etnik Sunda. Sufisme etnik menjadi bentuk penetrasi kearifan lokal etnik Sunda terhadap agama. Hal ini berdasarkan hasil analisa dari unsur-unsur sufisme yang ditemukan dalam kearifan etnik Sunda (local wisdom), yaitu: unsur sufisme dalam falsafah hidup etnik Sunda; unsur sufisme dalam pemahaman keagamaan etnik Sunda; unsur sufisme dalam karakter etnik Sunda; unsur sufisme dalam tradisi sastra etnik Sunda. Penelitian menemukan bahwa unsur-unsur sufisme ini mempengaruhi pemahaman esoteris keagamaan muslim Sunda berdasarkan pada pemahaman tasawuf dari para tokoh Sunda, baik dari kalangan tokoh agama, tokoh budaya Sunda, ataupun tokoh akademisi kesundaan. Sufisme etnik Sunda masih terpelihara dalam tradisi masyarakat Sunda modern, misalnya, pertama, dalam praktik tradisi ritual etnik Sunda Pesisir Pantai Selatan, dalam beberapa kasus, wilayah pesisir sangat kental dengan proses awal masuknya Islam. Kedua, dalam tradisi ritual etnik Sunda di Pedesaan, seperti tradisi Ngabungbang dan tradisi menjaga mata air (tradisi nuras cai, tradisi irung-irung, tradisi tepung cai, tradisi slametan bersih bumi) yang dilakukan etnis Sunda di tengah masyarakat modern. ENGLISH : This study argues that the phenomenon of integration of neo-Sufism (contemporary tasawuf) traditions with Sundanese ethnic traditions as the largest ethnic group in West Java has given birth to a form of "ethnic Sufism", where neo-Sufism is the antithesis of classical Sufism. Statements based on phenomenological studies in the scientific paradigm of religious studies, which are descriptive qualitative empirical, and use grounded research methods. The research data were sourced from religious leaders, cultural figures, and Sundanese academic figures among Sundanese Muslims. This study suggests that ethnic Sufism is the development of understanding of the religious thoughts, attitudes, and practices of every society in dealing with the problems of modernity, this is as contemporary Sufism metamorphoses into the present context and becomes a new understanding of Sufism that is adapted to local culture and culture. One aspect of the cultural entity is ethnicity. Ethnic Sufism in the Sundanese Muslim community is not only an understanding of self-approach to God but also the consideration of local Sundanese ethnic wisdom. Ethnic Sufism is a form of penetration of Sundanese ethnic local wisdom into religion. This is based on the results of the analysis of the elements of Sufism found in Sundanese ethnic wisdom (local wisdom), namely: elements of Sufism in the Sundanese ethnic philosophy of life; elements of Sufism in the religious understanding of ethnic Sundanese; elements of Sufism in the Sundanese ethnic character; elements of Sufism in the Sundanese ethnic literary tradition. The study found that these Sufism elements influenced the esoteric understanding of Sundanese Muslim religion based on the understanding of Sufism from Sundanese leaders, both from religious leaders, Sundanese cultural leaders, or Sundanese academic figures. Sundanese ethnic Sufism is still preserved in the traditions of modern Sundanese society, for example, first, in the practice of the South Coastal Sunda ethnic tradition, in some cases, the coastal area is very thick with the initial process of the entry of Islam. Second, in the traditional Sundanese ethnic rituals in the countryside, such as the N Joinbang tradition and the tradition of guarding the springs (the nuras cai tradition, the irung-irung tradition, the tepung cai tradition, slametan bersih bumi tradition) carried out by the Sundanese in modern society.

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