A critical discourse analysis of The New York Times and Al Jazeera News Reports on The Hospital Attacks in Gaza

Herawati, Herawati (2025) A critical discourse analysis of The New York Times and Al Jazeera News Reports on The Hospital Attacks in Gaza. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati.

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Abstract

This study examines the news coverage of attacks on hospitals in Gaza by using two online media, The New York Times and Al Jazeera, as objects of analysis. The purpose of this research is to reveal how power and ideology are represented through the structure of news discourse. This research uses a qualitative approach with Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, which includes three levels of analysis: macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure. Data were obtained from two news articles published on the official websites of The New York Times and Al Jazeera, related to the October 14, 2024, attack on Gaza. The results of the analysis shows that The New York Times framed the event with a formal and neutral language style, emphasizing official Israeli sources and military justifications. The text tends to use passive voice and technical diction to reduce the impression of aggression against civilians. In contrast, Al Jazeera highlighted the humanitarian impact using active sentences, emotional language, and direct quotes from victims and local parties. This representation difference reflects each media’s ideology: The New York Times sided with the dominant Western narrative that emphasizes state security and legitimacy, while Al Jazeera presents a counter-narrative that highlights civilian suffering and human rights violations. These findings confirm that the media has an important role in shaping public perception through discourse and demonstrate the urgency of critical media literacy in identifying hidden ideologies in news texts.

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