Gerakan Buddhisme Humanistik: Studi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan di Yayasan Buddha Tzu Chi Indonesia

Madiyono, Madiyono (2025) Gerakan Buddhisme Humanistik: Studi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan di Yayasan Buddha Tzu Chi Indonesia. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Semangat awal munculnya Buddha adalah mengatasi penderitaan. Pada perkembangannya, sebagian praktik agama Buddha belum berdampak mengurangi penderitaan dan masalah sosial di masyarakat sehingga memicu munculnya gerakan Buddhisme Humanistik. Yayasan Buddha Tzu Chi berhasil mewujudkan gagasan Buddhisme Humanistik. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan eksplorasi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan di Yayasan Buddha Tzu Chi Indonesia dan juga menggali strategi Yayasan Buddha Tzu Chi Indonesia dalam mengembangkan dan melestarikan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Kajian nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dilakukan berdasarkan teori Buddhisme Humanistik Hsin Yun dan upaya pelestariannya ditinjau dari teori gerakan sosial menurut David A. Snow, Robert D. Benford, dan Quintan Wictorowicz. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi dan fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi, observasi dan juga dari buku, majalah, bulletin, website resmi, dan media sosial. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik Miles-Huberman and Saldana. Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui teknik triangulasi dan perpanjangan waktu. Dari hasil kajian disimpulkan bahwa nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang terdapat dalam ajaran Buddha dan Master Cheng Yen yaitu kesetaraan, tanpa kekerasan, altruisme, toleransi, persaudaraan, rasionalitas, inklusivisme, nilai pelatihan ke dalam dan keluar. Semua nilai tersebut diimplementasikan dalam empat misi dan delapan jejak Dharma. Pengembangan dan pewarisan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan di Tzu Chi Indonesia dilakukan melalui mobilisasi sumber daya, memanfaatkan kesempatan politik, dan proses pembingkaian (framing). Tzu Chi merupakan gerakan sosial kegamaan Buddha yang unik dan termasuk dalam gerakan reformasi. ENGLISH: The Buddha appeared in the world to overcome suffering, and his teachings became known as Buddhism. Throughout its history, however, certain Buddhist practices have proven ineffective in alleviating suffering and addressing social problems, which prompted the emergence of Humanistic Buddhism. The Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation is a prominent example of this philosophy successfully put into practice. This study explores the humanistic values of Tzu Chi in Indonesia and examines the foundation’s strategies for cultivating and preserving these values. The analysis of humanistic values is based on Hsin Yun's theory of Humanistic Buddhism, while the preservation efforts are examined through the lens of David A. Snow and Robert D. Benford’s theory of social movements, as well as Quintan Wictorowicz point of view. This research employs a qualitative method, utilizing sociological and phenomenological approaches. Data was collected through interviews, documentation, and observation, supplemented by information from books, magazines, bulletins, official websites, and social media. The collected data was analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña technique. Data validity was ensured through triangulation and prolonged engagement. The study concludes that the humanistic values embodied by Master Cheng Yen are equality, non-violence, altruism, tolerance, brotherhood, rasionality, inclusiveness, and the value of internal and external self-cultivation. These values are implemented through Tzu Chi’s four missions and eight Dharma footprints. The development and perpetuation of these humanistic values at Tzu Chi Indonesia are achieved through resource mobilization, the utilization of political opportunities, and framing processes. Tzu Chi represents a unique movement within Buddhism, characterized by its synthesis of social engagement and religious reform.

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