Representasi jurnalisme investigasi pada film: Analisis semiotika Roland Barthes dalam film A Taxi Driver

Izzuddin, Muhammad Ihza (2025) Representasi jurnalisme investigasi pada film: Analisis semiotika Roland Barthes dalam film A Taxi Driver. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Film sebagai media komunikasi massa tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana hiburan, tetapi juga sebagai alat penyampai pesan sosial, politik, dan ideologis. Film sejarah seperti A Taxi Driver (2017) menjadi representasi visual atas peristiwa Pemberontakan Gwangju 1980 serta menghadirkan praktik jurnalisme investigasi di tengah represi militer. Melalui rangkaian tanda visual, dialog, dan elemen sinematik, film ini menampilkan bagaimana jurnalis asing berupaya mengungkap kebenaran pada masa ketika kebebasan pers dibatasi secara ketat. Fenomena tersebut menjadikan film ini relevan untuk dianalisis guna mengungkap makna representasi jurnalisme investigasi yang terkonstruksi di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana representasi jurnalisme investigasi ditampilkan dalam film A Taxi Driver melalui tiga tingkatan makna dalam analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Tujuan spesifik penelitian meliputi: mengidentifikasi makna denotatif terkait aktivitas jurnalistik dalam film, menafsirkan makna konotatif yang muncul dari tindakan dan simbol visual yang berkaitan dengan keberanian dan perjuangan jurnalis, serta mengungkap mitos atau wacana budaya yang dibangun film mengenai peran jurnalis sebagai pengungkap kebenaran di tengah opresi kekuasaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis semiotika Roland Barthes, yang terdiri atas tahap denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos. Data diperoleh melalui observasi mendalam terhadap adegan-adegan terpilih dalam film, dokumentasi berupa tangkapan layar, serta analisis naratif terhadap dialog dan elemen visual pendukung. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan menafsirkan tanda-tanda visual dan naratif yang muncul untuk mengungkap lapisan makna yang lebih dalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara denotatif, film A Taxi Driver menampilkan aktivitas jurnalisme investigasi seperti peliputan di lapangan, pengambilan gambar, pencarian bukti, dan penyampaian informasi ke publik internasional. Pada level konotasi, tindakan tersebut mengandung makna keberanian, perjuangan, resistensi terhadap penindasan, serta komitmen moral jurnalis dalam menyuarakan kebenaran. Sementara itu, pada level mitos, film membangun wacana bahwa jurnalis investigatif merupakan sosok “pahlawan kebenaran” yang memiliki peran besar dalam membongkar kejahatan negara, memperjuangkan hak asasi manusia, dan menantang kekuasaan represif. Dengan demikian, film A Taxi Driver tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai rekonstruksi sejarah, tetapi juga sebagai kritik ideologis dan representasi idealisme jurnalisme investigasi. ENGLISH: Film, as a form of mass communication, functions not only as entertainment but also as a medium for conveying social, political, and ideological messages. Historical films such as A Taxi Driver (2017) serve as visual representations of the 1980 Gwangju Uprising and illustrate the practice of investigative journalism amid military repression. Through visual signs, narrative structures, and cinematic elements, the film portrays how a foreign journalist strives to uncover the truth during a period when press freedom was severely restricted. This phenomenon makes the film relevant to be analyzed in order to reveal how the representation of investigative journalism is constructed within it. This study aims to examine how investigative journalism is represented in A Taxi Driver through the three levels of meaning proposed by Roland Barthes’ semiotic analysis. The specific objectives include identifying denotative meanings related to journalistic activities in the film, interpreting connotative meanings that emerge from visual symbols associated with courage and struggle, and uncovering mythological meanings that construct the cultural discourse of journalists as truth-seekers who challenge oppressive power structures. This research employs a qualitative approach using Roland Barthes’ semiotic method, which consists of denotation, connotation, and myth. Data were collected through repeated observations of selected scenes in the film, documentation through screenshots, and narrative analysis of visual and verbal elements. The data analysis process involves interpreting the visual and narrative signs to uncover deeper layers of meaning embedded within the film’s representation of investigative journalism. The findings indicate that, at the denotative level, A Taxi Driver depicts investigative journalism activities such as on-site reporting, filming, evidence collection, and disseminating information to the international public. At the connotative level, these actions symbolize courage, resistance, moral commitment, and the struggle to voice the truth in the face of oppression. At the mythological level, the film constructs a discourse portraying investigative journalists as “heroes of truth” who play a crucial role in exposing state-sponsored violence, defending human rights, and confronting authoritarian power. Thus, A Taxi Driver functions not only as a historical reconstruction but also as an ideological critique and a representation of the ideal values of investigative journalism.

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