Analisis putusan Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta dan Pengadilan Agama Bandung tentang sengketa ekonomi syariah : Studi atas putusan Nomor 1/Pdt.G.S/2024/PA.Pwk dan 3727/Pdt.G/2025/PA.Bdg

Muhidin, Muhidin (2026) Analisis putusan Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta dan Pengadilan Agama Bandung tentang sengketa ekonomi syariah : Studi atas putusan Nomor 1/Pdt.G.S/2024/PA.Pwk dan 3727/Pdt.G/2025/PA.Bdg. Masters thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

The resolution of sharia economic disputes in the Religious Court is an implementation of its absolute competence. This study objectively compares two distinct dispute cases: Decision Number 1/Pdt.G.S/2024/PA.Pwk concerning a small claim lawsuit on breach of contract (wanprestasi) between Bank BJB Syariah and its customer, and Decision Number 3727/Pdt.G/2025/PA.Bdg concerning an ordinary lawsuit between Koperasi Jasa Amani and its customer. Comparing these decisions legally serves to examine how differences in institution type, lawsuit mechanisms, and judges' ratio decidendi affect the implementation of legal certainty and benefit (maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah). The objective of this study is to analyze: 1) The case facts and dispute resolution processes at the Purwakarta and Bandung Religious Courts; 2) The implementation of material and formal laws by judges in guaranteeing legal certainty and justice; 3) Judicial considerations from philosophical, juridical, and sociological dimensions; and 4) An objective comparative analysis of the legal reasoning in both decisions. The theoretical framework relies on the Rule of Law Theory, Judicial Authority Theory, Legal Certainty and Justice Theory, and the Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah concept. KHES and DSN-MUI fatwas serve as normative material references. This study uses a method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data was obtained through studies of court decisions, interviews with the Religious Court, as well as documentation and literature studies in the form of books, scientific journals, laws and regulations, and fatwas of DSN-MUI. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, document studies, and content analysis of the judge's legal considerations in the decisions being studied. The results show that: (1) The dispute resolutions complied with absolute jurisdiction, where PA Purwakarta implemented the Small Claim procedure (PERMA No. 2/2015 jo. PERMA No. 4/2019) while PA Bandung applied the Ordinary Lawsuit procedure; (2) The application of material law in both decisions refers to KHES and contract principles, with differing emphasis on procedural evidence; (3) The judges' legal considerations reflected philosophical (justice), juridical (legal certainty), and sociological (benefit) aspects; and (4) An objective comparison reveals a contrast in legal reasoning (ratio decidendi): the Purwakarta Decision prioritizes mutual benefit and dispute reconciliation through a Peace Deed (Acta van Dading), whereas the Bandung Decision focuses on formal legal certainty (pacta sunt servanda), proof of breach of contract, and collateral execution legality.

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