Tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap penyelesaian sengketa tanah wakaf Pondok Pesantren Al-Misbah Al-Anwari di Kota Tasikmalaya

Muhaemin, Muhamad Latip (2025) Tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap penyelesaian sengketa tanah wakaf Pondok Pesantren Al-Misbah Al-Anwari di Kota Tasikmalaya. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Wakaf merupakan salah satu instrumen penting dalam syariat Islam yang bertujuan untuk kesejahteraan umat melalui pemanfaatan harta yang ditahan manfaatnya demi kepentingan umum. Dalam praktiknya masih banyak perwakafan tanah yang dilakukan secara lisan tanpa melalui prosedur administrasi yang sah, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan sengketa di kemudian hari. Salah satunya terjadi di Pondok Pesantren Al-Misbah Al-Anwari Kota Tasikmalaya. Akibatnya, muncul klaim dari ahli waris wakif yang berusaha mengambil kembali tanah tersebut, sehingga menimbulkan permasalahan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses perwakafan tanah yang dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Misbah Al-Anwari, upaya yang ditempuh pesantren dalam mengatasi permasalahan tanah wakaf yang belum bersertifikat, serta dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat tidak adanya sertifikat tanah wakaf tersebut. Penelitian ini juga ingin melihat sejauh mana pelaksanaan perwakafan di pesantren tersebut telah sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 32 Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori kepastian hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Gustav Radbruch. Dalam konteks penelitian ini, teori kepastian hukum digunakan untuk mengukur sejauh mana pelaksanaan sertifikasi tanah wakaf di Pondok Pesantren Al-Misbah Al-Anwari telah memberikan jaminan hukum kepada nadzir, pesantren, dan masyarakat dalam mengelola tanah wakaf secara aman dari potensi sengketa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, studi dokumen, dan observasi. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur-literatur hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu. Kemudian semua data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan pola berpikir deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perwakafan tanah di Pondok Pesantren Al-Misbah Al-Anwari dilakukan secara lisan tanpa pencatatan resmi, sehingga menimbulkan kerentanan hukum. Upaya penyelesaian yang dilakukan pesantren bersifat informal, yakni melalui pendekatan kekeluargaan dan pembelian kembali tanah oleh relawan, namun belum menyentuh aspek legal formal berupa sertifikasi. Kondisi ini berdampak pada lemahnya posisi hukum pesantren dalam menghadapi klaim dari ahli waris wakif dan berpotensi menghambat pengembangan pesantren di masa depan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan langkah serius dari pihak pesantren, KUA untuk menyelesaikan proses sertifikasi tanah wakaf agar memperoleh kepastian hukum yang kuat sesuai ketentuan perundang-undangan. ENGLISH: Waqf is an important instrument in Islamic law that aims to promote the welfare of the people through the utilization of assets whose benefits are reserved for the public interest. In practice, many waqf lands are still donated verbally without going through legal administrative procedures, which has the potential to cause disputes in the future. One such case occurred at the Al-Misbah Al-Anwari Islamic Boarding School in Tasikmalaya City. As a result, claims arose from the heirs of the waqf who sought to reclaim the land, giving rise to legal problems. This study aims to determine how the land endowment process is carried out at the Al-Misbah Al-Anwari Islamic Boarding School, the efforts made by the boarding school to overcome the problem of uncertified endowment land, and the impact of the absence of a land endowment certificate. This study also seeks to examine the extent to which the implementation of waqf at the pesantren complies with the provisions of Article 32 of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf. The theory used in this study is the theory of legal certainty proposed by Gustav Radbruch. In the context of this stude, the theory of legal certainty is used to measure the extent to which the implementation of waqf land certification at the Al-Misbah Al-Anwari Islamic Boarding School has provided legal certainty to the nadzır, the boarding school, and the community in managing waqf land safely from potential disputes. This study uses a descriptive analytical research method with an empirical juridical approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews, document studies, and observations. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from legal literature, laws and regulations, and previous research results. Then, all data was analyzed qualitatively using descriptive thinking patterns. The results of the study show that land waqf at the Al-Misbah Al-Anwari Islamic Boarding School is carried out verbally without official records, thus creating legal vulnerability. The boarding school's efforts to resolve this issue are informal, namely through a family approach and the repurchase of land by volunteers, but have not touched on the formal legal aspect of certification. This situation has weakened the legal position of the boarding school in facing claims from the heirs of the waqf and has the potential to hamper the development of the boarding school in the future. Therefore, serious steps are needed from the boarding school and the KUA to complete the waqf land certification process in order to obtain strong legal certainty in accordance with the provisions of the law.

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