Epistemologi hadis di Spanyol: Studi hadis kawasan dan filsafat hadis

Fauji, Hayatul (2025) Epistemologi hadis di Spanyol: Studi hadis kawasan dan filsafat hadis. Masters thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Islamic rule in Spain (Andalusia) lasted for eight centuries and produced a brilliant civilization, including in the field of hadith. Names such as Ibn Hazm (d. 456), Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr (d. 463), and Al-Qāḍī ‘Iyāḍ (d. 544) are among the many prominent Spanish hadith scholars whose names are highly regarded in the field of hadith. Although "lagging behind" their eastern brethren, in the century following the conquest, Spanish hadith scholars demonstrated intellectual independence and pioneering work in many fields of hadith. Consequently, the knowledge and understanding of Spanish hadith scholars differed from those of hadith scholars in other regions, including the east. This study aims to uncover the epistemology of hadith in Spain. Epistemology is based on two philosophical questions: how to know and how to understand. As for the connection with hadith, it relates to two elements contained in hadith: the sanad (transmission) and the matan (content). Therefore, the epistemology of hadith that we are exploring in Spain (92-897/711-1491), during the Islamic period, is how Spanish hadith scholars validated the transmission of hadith (sanad) and understood its content (matan). This research method utilizes two approaches simultaneously: the study of regional hadith/hadith schools, which is historical, and the philosophy of hadith, which is epistemic. This aims to uncover the dialectical spectrum of hadith epistemology in Spain, based on research sources in the form of biographical dictionaries of Spanish hadith scholars and their works that can be found and examined. A significant difference in this study, distinguishing it from previous similar studies, is the extended timeframe, spanning from the conquest to the fall and expulsion of Islam in Spain. The results of this study found that the Spanish epistemology of hadith, which was adaptive to Eastern knowledge and understanding and accommodating to the situations and conditions that occurred in Spain, in turn became highly innovative. In terms of validation of hadith transmission (sanad), both riwāyah and dirāyah, it was not as rigid and inflexible as that practiced by their colleagues in the East. Meanwhile, in terms of understanding the content of hadith (matan), Spanish hadith scholars tended to view hadith as a source of practical and applicable teachings, prioritizing content while maintaining its form.

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