Efektivitas ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) sebagai inhibitor korosi pada baja karbon dalam larutan HCl 0,5 M

Baiti, Esty Nur (2026) Efektivitas ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) sebagai inhibitor korosi pada baja karbon dalam larutan HCl 0,5 M. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Korosi baja karbon merupakan permasalahan krusial di berbagai industri karena menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi besar serta dampak lingkungan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efektivitas ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) berbasis air dan etanol sebagai inhibitor korosi ramah lingkungan dalam larutan HCl 0,5 M. Ekstrak dikarakterisasi melalui penentuan total fenolik (TPC) menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, uji fitokimia, analisis gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, serta pengujian aktivitas antioksidan metode FRAP. Kinerja inhibisi korosi dievaluasi menggunakan metode EIS, PDP, dan ENM, sedangkan morfologi permukaan baja diamati dengan SEM-EDX. Hasil menunjukkan kandungan fenolik total ekstrak etanol lebih tinggi (387,8 mg GAE/g) dibandingkan ekstrak air (230,4 mg GAE/g). Ekstrak air terdeteksi mengandung alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, dan tanin, sedangkan ekstrak etanol mengandung terpenoid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Spektrum FTIR mengonfirmasi keberadaan gugus –OH, C=O, C–O, dan C=C pada kedua ekstrak. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol lebih besar dengan nilai FRAP 82,59 mg AAE/L, dibandingkan ekstrak air 62,23 mg AAE/L pada 100 ppm. Efektivitas inhibisi korosi meningkat seiring peningkatan konsentrasi, dan pada 750 ppm ekstrak air menunjukkan efisiensi tertinggi sebesar 97,52% (EIS), 89,95% (PDP), dan 93,90% (ENM), melampaui ekstrak etanol masing-masing 96,58%, 85,60%, dan 88,31%. Analisis SEM-EDX memperlihatkan ekstrak air mempertahankan kandungan Fe lebih tinggi (92,87% berat; 74,97% atom), menandakan pembentukan lapisan pelindung yang lebih efektif. Secara keseluruhan, meskipun ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan fenolik lebih tinggi, ekstrak air menunjukkan kinerja inhibisi korosi yang lebih baik sehingga berpotensi sebagai inhibitor korosi hijau yang lebih efektif. Carbon steel corrosion remains a critical issue in various industries, leading to substantial economic losses and significant environmental impacts. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of water- and ethanol-based ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) extracts as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors in 0.5 M HCl solution. The extracts were characterized through total phenolic content (TPC) determination using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, phytochemical screening, functional group analysis by FTIR, and antioxidant activity evaluation using the FRAP method. Corrosion inhibition performance was assessed using EIS, PDP, and ENM, while surface morphology of carbon steel was examined by SEM–EDX. The results showed that the ethanol extract possessed a higher total phenolic content (387.8 mg GAE/g) than the aqueous extract (230.4 mg GAE/g). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins in the aqueous extract, whereas the ethanol extract contained terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of –OH, C=O, C–O, and C=C functional groups in both extracts. The ethanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity, with a FRAP value of 82.59 mg AAE/L compared to 62.23 mg AAE/L for the aqueous extract at 100 ppm. Corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with concentration, and at 750 ppm the aqueous extract demonstrated the highest efficiencies of 97.52% (EIS), 89.95% (PDP), and 93.90% (ENM), outperforming the ethanol extract (96.58%, 85.60%, and 88.31%, respectively). SEM–EDX analysis indicated that the aqueous extract better preserved iron content (92.87 wt%; 74.97 at%), suggesting the formation of a more protective surface film. Overall, despite the higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract, the aqueous extract provided superior corrosion inhibition performance, indicating its greater potential as an effective green corrosion inhibitor.

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