Transformasi wa‘d dari komitmen moral menjadi instrumen hukum: Analisis terhadap fatwa DSN-MUI no. 85/2012 dan implikasinya pada akad Musyarakah Mutanaqisah

Adi, Rosadi (2026) Transformasi wa‘d dari komitmen moral menjadi instrumen hukum: Analisis terhadap fatwa DSN-MUI no. 85/2012 dan implikasinya pada akad Musyarakah Mutanaqisah. Masters thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

The transformation of wa‘d from a moral commitment (diyānan) into a legally binding instrument (qaḍā’an) under DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 85/DSN-MUI/XII/2012 has generated conceptual issues within Islamic Economic Law. In classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh al-mu‘āmalāt), wa‘d is understood as a unilateral promise that does not give rise to legal consequences comparable to those of a contract (‘aqd). In contemporary Islamic financial practices, particularly in Mushārakah Mutanāqiṣah financing, however, wa‘d functions as a legal instrument to ensure transactional continuity while producing legal consequences. This transformation raises questions regarding the conceptual consistency of wa‘d with the doctrines of classical Islamic jurisprudence and its implications for maintaining the legal balance between the contracting parties in Mushārakah Mutanāqiṣah contracts. This study aims to analyze the transformation of wa‘d from a moral commitment into a legally binding instrument under DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 85/DSN-MUI/XII/2012, examine the conceptual consistency of its application within the bilateral nature of Mushārakah Mutanāqiṣah contracts, and evaluate the juridical implications of wa‘d mulzim for the legal balance between the contracting parties from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law. The analytical framework integrates the classical Islamic jurisprudential theory of wa‘d, contract theory (‘aqd), Gustav Radbruch's theory of the objectives of law, which emphasizes legal certainty, justice, and expediency, together with the theory of maqāṣid alsharī‘ah as the normative basis for evaluating the implementation of wa‘d in Islamic financial transactions. These theoretical perspectives are employed to assess the conformity of DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 85/DSN-MUI/XII/2012 with the principles of Islamic law and to examine its implications for the legal structure of Mushārakah Mutanāqiṣah contracts. This research adopts a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected through library and documentary research and subsequently analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method supported by deductive reasoning through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings reveal that DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 85/DSN-MUI/XII/2012 has transformed wa‘d from a moral commitment into a legally binding instrument (wa‘d mulzim) under certain circumstances to enhance legal certainty in Islamic financial transactions. Nevertheless, the application of wa‘d in Mushārakah Mutanāqiṣah contracts demonstrates conceptual inconsistency because the resulting legal relationship more closely resembles muwā‘adah (mutual promise) than the unilateral wa‘d recognized in classical Islamic jurisprudence. This transformation also affects the legal balance between the contracting parties by placing greater emphasis on legal certainty than on the principles of partnership and risk-sharing. Accordingly, the formulation and implementation of wa‘d mulzim should be developed in a more proportionate manner to ensure consistency with the principles of justice, contractual balance, and maqāṣid alsharī‘ah within the framework of Islamic Economic Law.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Subjects:	Fikih (Fiqih, Fiqh), Hukum Islam > Muamalat, Muamalah/Hukum Perdata Islam
Divisions:	Pascasarjana Program Magister > Program Studi Hukum Ekonomi Syari'ah
Depositing User:	Adi Rosadi
Date Deposited:	09 Oct 2026 08:16
Last Modified:	09 Oct 2026 08:16
URI:	https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/144011

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