Symbol of the relationship between man and nature in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea

Rahayu, Tanti (2009) Symbol of the relationship between man and nature in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

This research analyzes the novel as one of literary works. The analyzed novel is Ernest Hemingway's novel entitled The Old Man and the Sea. The analyzed problem in this research concerns with symbol. Symbol is anything, which signifies something. Symbol can represent an object, idea, or a relationship. Symbol of the relationship between man and nature is analyzed in this research constructed by the relevant theory. The main problem of this research is divided into three questions. First, What category of symbols, which is used as the representation of the relationship between man and nature in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea. Second, Based on Frye's theory, in which phase are symbols of the relationship between man and nature included. Third, What is the relationship between man and nature through the representation of symbols in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea. The used theory of this research is Frye's theory of symbol, (taken from the book of Northrop Frye; Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays). Frye's theory of symbol consists of four phases: symbol as motif and as sign, formal phase: symbol as image, mythical phase: symbol as archetype, and anagogic phase: symbol as monad. The employed method in this research is structural analysis method. The structural analysis method focuses on the structure itself, and it analyzes the intrinsic rather than the extrinsic. The data in this research are the forms that contain words, phrases, and sentences. Technique of collecting data that is used in this research is library research, and the steps of data analysis including 1) Identifying data, 2) Classifying data, 3) Analyzing the data based on Frye's Theory, 4)Interpreting data, 5)Presenting conclusion from the data, which has been analyzed. The result of this research is divided into three discussions. First categorization of symbol of the relationship between man and nature: Santiago (the old man) as a symbol of man's struggle, and man's pride. While, Sea as a symbol of a woman, and God's gift. Moreover, Marlin the fish as a symbol of a valuable thing, man's brother, and victim. Sharks as a symbol of man's rival. Birds, dolphins, and turtles are symbols of man's brother. Second, phases of symbol based on Frye's theory: One category of those symbols is same that is the whole symbol of the relationship between man and nature. Those symbols are included in the first category of Frye's theory: descriptive phase (symbol as sign) nevertheless, one category of symbol is included in two different phases, like the old man, Santiago, and the sea. Third the relationship between man and nature though the symbols. It shows destructive and constructive relationship.

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