Implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat : Stop buang air besar sembarangan (Open Defecation Free) pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung

Purnamasari, Oneng (2021) Implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat : Stop buang air besar sembarangan (Open Defecation Free) pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan kesehatan sanitasi lingkungan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat Kota Bandung peneliti menemukan permasalahan mayoritas masyarakat masih membuang sisa hajat ke sungai dengan 35,5 ton tinja/hari, ditambah dengan angka penyakit diare pada tahun 2019 sebesar 61.711 kasus, serta hanya 17 Kelurahan dari 151 Kelurahan di Kota Bandung yang memiliki akses sanitasi yang sehat (100% Open Defecation Free). Berangkat dari hal tersebut maka Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung menggalakkan program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat lingkup pertama, stop buang air besar sembarangan sesuai amanah dari Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 3 Tahun 2014 Tentang Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat. Beranjak dari masalah tersebut peneliti memandang perlunya mengetahui pelaksanaan termasuk faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat: stop buang air besar sembarangan pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Sebagai pisau analisis penelitian ini, peneliti berpijak pada dimensi yang dikemukakan oleh David C. Korten (1980) bahwa untuk menunjang keberhasilan implementasi program diperlukan kesesuaian antara program dengan kelompok sasaran, kesesuaian antara program dengan organisasi pelaksana, dan kesesuaian antara organisasi pelaksana dengan kelompok sasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun dalam hal penentuan sumber data dan validitas data peneliti menggunakan triangulasi, sekaligus dalam tahapan analisis menggunakan tahapan reduksi, penyajian data dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwasanya dalam implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat : stop buang air besar sembarangan pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung belum berjalan dengan optimal, karena 2 (dua) dari 3 (tiga) dimensi belum sesuai dengan kriteria yang dipersyaratkan. Untuk faktor pendukung peneliti menemukan 1 (satu) aspek dan untuk penghambat menemukan 3 (tiga) aspek sehingga menandakan perlu adanya peraturan daerah yang lebih spesifik agar implemetasi program berjalan lebih optimal. ENGLISH: Against the background of environmental sanitation health problems faced by the people of Bandung City, the researchers found that the majority of the community still disposed of their waste into the river with 35.5 tons of feces/day, coupled with the diarrheal disease rate in 2019 of 61,711 cases, and only 17 urban villages out of 151 villages in Bandung City that has access to healthy sanitation (100% Open Defecation Free). Departing from this, the Bandung City Health Office promoted the first community-based total sanitation program, stopping open defecation in accordance with the mandate of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2014 concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation. Moving on from this problem, the researcher sees the need to know the implementation include supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of a community-based total sanitation program: stop open defecation at the Bandung City Health Office. As an analytical tool for this research, the researcher relies on the dimensions proposed by David C. Korten (1980) that to support the successful implementation of the program, it is necessary to have compatibility between the program and the target group, the compatibility between the program and the implementing organization, and the compatibility between the implementing organization and the target group. This study uses a descriptive method through a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, in terms of determining data sources and validity data, researchers used triangulation, as well as in the analysis stage using the stages of reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of the research conducted indicate that the implementation of the community-based total sanitation program: stop open defecation at the Bandung City Health Office has not run optimally, because 2 (two) of the 3 (three) dimensions do not meet the required criteria. For supporting factors, the researchers found 1 (one) aspect and for inhibiting factors, they found 3 (three) aspects, thus indicating the need for more specific regional regulations so that the implementation of the program runs more optimally.

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