Pengaruh sistem pengelolaan lahan terhadap keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah di perkebunan lada putih (Munthok White Pepper), Bangka Belitung

Fadhila, Riyadhi Hasya (2021) Pengaruh sistem pengelolaan lahan terhadap keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah di perkebunan lada putih (Munthok White Pepper), Bangka Belitung. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Lada putih (munthok white pepper) atau Piper nigrum L. merupakan jenis rempah-rempah yang sangat khas dan sangat berkhasiat bagi kesehatan. Bangka Belitung sebagai salah satu produsen utama lada putih mengalami penurunan tingkat kesuburan tanah yang menyebabkan terjadi penurunan produksi lada. Mesofauna sering disebut sebagai ecosystem engineer karena perannya adalah memperbaiki sifat kimia, fisik, dan biologi tanah. Tingkat keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah yang tinggi menandakan kesuburan tanah yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat keanekaragaman, kemerataan, kelimpahan, dan kesamaan lahan mesofauna tanah di perkebunan lada putih Bangka Belitung dan menganalisis sebaran jenis mesofauna tanah pada sistem pengelolaan lahan konvensional, Spice Up, dan agroforestri di perkebunan lada putih Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei pada 3 plot sistem pengelolaan lahan yaitu konvensional, Spice Up, dan watani dengan masing-masing 20 titik sampel yang terdiri dari sampel tanah dan serasah. Hand sorting sampel tanah dan seresah dilakukan untuk mengambil mesofauna dan kemudian dilakukan identifikasi hingga tingkat famili. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis tingkat keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan kesamaan lahan dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks keanekaragaman Pielou (E), dan indeks kesamaan lahan Sorensen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 41 famili yang ditemukan pada seluruh sistem pengelolaan lahan. Nilai keanekaragaman dan kemerataan tertinggi berada pada lahan Konvensional (H’=2,10) dan Spice Up (E=0,34). Kelimpahan mesofauna tertinggi berada pada lahan Watani dengan jumlah 788 individu. Adapun, tingkat kesamaan tertinggi berada pada lahan Spice Up dan Watani (0,66). Masing-masing famili mesofauna ditemukan secara berkelompok, kecuali famili Laelapidae dan Liposcelididae. Munthok white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a type of spice that is very distinctive and very nutritious for health. Bangka Belitung as one of the main producers of white pepper experienced a decrease in soil fertility which caused a decrease in pepper production. Mesofauna is often referred to as ecosystem engineers because their role is to improve the soil's chemical, physical, and biological properties. The high level of soil mesofauna diversity indicates high soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity, evenness, abundance, and similarity of soil mesofauna land in Bangka Belitung white pepper plantations and to analyze the distribution of soil mesofauna species in conventional land management systems, Spice Up, and agroforestry in Bangka Belitung white pepper plantations. This research was conducted using a survey method on 3 plots of land management systems, namely conventional, Spice Up, and Watani with 20 sample points each consisting of soil and litter samples. Hand sorting of soil and litter samples was carried out to collect mesofauna and then identification was carried out at the family level. The data obtained were analyzed for the level of diversity, evenness, and land similarity analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), the Pielou diversity index (E), and the Sorensen land similarity index. Based on the results of the study, there were 41 families found in all land management systems. The highest diversity and evenness values were on Conventional land (H'=2.10) and Spice Up (E=0.34). The highest abundance of mesofauna was on Watani land with 788 individuals. Meanwhile, the highest level of similarity is in Spice Up and Watani fields (0.66). Each mesofauna family was found in groups, except for the Laelapidae and Liposcelididae families.

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