Keanekaragaman Laba-laba (Ordo: Araneae) di Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Ir.H.Djuanda

Hafizhah, Marwah Shofa (2023) Keanekaragaman Laba-laba (Ordo: Araneae) di Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Ir.H.Djuanda. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA : Laba-laba merupakan salah satu pemangsa utama dari berbagai serangga, sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai agen pengendali hayati yang penting pada suatu ekosistem. Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda termasuk dalam kawasan hutan konservasi yang menjadi salah satu habitat potensial bagi laba-laba. Kehidupan laba-laba erat kaitannya dengan tipe habitat dan parameter faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, variasi model jaring, dan karakteristik habitat laba-laba di kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret – April 2023 menggunakan metode eksplorasi (jelajah) dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu cryptic searching, hand collecting, sweeping net, sieving, dan beating. Laba-laba yang berhasil dikoleksi diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi sampai tingkat famili. Model jaring disajikan secara deskriptif dengan tabel disertai gambar. Parameter abiotik yang diukur yaitu suhu, kelembapan, pH tanah, intensitas cahaya, dan kecepatan angin. Selain itu, jenis substrat ditemukannya laba-laba juga dicatat. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan 508 individu yang termasuk dalam 16 famili: Araneidae, Ctenidae, Hersiliidae, Hexathelidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Philodromidae, Pholcidae, Pisauride, Salticidae, Sparassidae, Sytodidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, dan Thomisidae. Jenis yang paling banyak didapatkan adalah Famili Araneidae (11 jenis), Salticidae (6 jenis), dan Tetragnathidae (4 jenis). Jumlah individu yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Tetragnathidae (335 individu). Perhitungan indeks kekayaan dikategorikan tinggi dengan nilai 5,93; indeks keanekaragaman dikategorikan sedang dengan nilai 2,07; indeks dominansi dikategorikan rendah dengan nilai 0,28; dan indeks kemerataan dikategorikan sedang dengan nilai 0,56. Model jaring laba-laba yang ditemukan yaitu jaring bola, jaring lembaran, jaring corong, dan jaring tidak beraturan. Laba-laba ditemukan pada tumbuhan Melastoma affine, Pterocarpus indicus, Pterygota horsfieldii, bebatuan, dan tanah. Hasil rata-rata pengukuran faktor abiotik yaitu suhu 25,9℃; kelembapan 70,1 %; pH 6,5; intensitas cahaya 923,3 lux; dan kecepatan angin 0,000 CFM. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda memiliki kondisi lingkungan ideal untuk menunjang kehidupan laba-laba. ENGLISH : Spiders are one of the main predators of various insects, so they can function as important biological control agents in an ecosystem. The Forest Park Area Ir. H. Djuanda is included in the conservation forest area which is one of the potential habitats for spiders. Spider life is closely related to habitat type and environmental factor parameters. This study aims to determine the diversity, variation of web models, and habitat characteristics of spiders in the Forest Park Area Ir. H. Djuanda. The research was conducted in March - April 2023 using the exploration method (cruising) with sampling techniques namely cryptic searching, hand collecting, sweeping net, sieving, and beating. Spiders that were successfully collected were identified based on morphological characters to the family level. The web model is presented descriptively with a table accompanied by a picture. Abiotic parameters measured were temperature, humidity, soil pH, light intensity, and wind speed. In addition, the type of substrate where the spiders were found was also recorded. The results of this study obtained 508 individuals belonging to 16 families: Araneidae, Ctenidae, Hersiliidae, Hexathelidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Philodromidae, Pholcidae, Pisauride, Salticidae, Sparassidae, Sytodidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, and Thomisidae. The most common species were the families Araneidae (11 species), Salticidae (6 species), and Tetragnathidae (4 species). The highest number of individuals found was Tetragnathidae (335 individuals). The calculation of the richness index is categorized as high with a value of 5.93; the diversity index is categorized as moderate with a value of 2.07; the dominance index is categorized as low with a value of 0.28; and the evenness index is categorized as moderate with a value of 0.56. Spider web models found are orb webs, sheet webs, funnel webs, and irregular webs. Spiders are found on plants Melastoma affine, Pterocarpus indicus, Pterygota horsfieldii, rocks, and soil. The average results of abiotic factor measurements were temperature 25.9℃; humidity 70.1%; pH 6.5; light intensity 923.3 lux; and wind speed 0.000 CFM. Based on the results of this study, the Forest Park Area Ir. H. Djuanda has ideal environmental conditions to support spider life.

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