Struktur komunitas tumbuhan bawah pada lahan pascatambang batu kapur di kawasan karst Citatah Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Mariam, Siti (2024) Struktur komunitas tumbuhan bawah pada lahan pascatambang batu kapur di kawasan karst Citatah Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Kawasan karst terbentuk dari pelarutan batuan gamping dan sering dimanfaatkan untuk pertambangan. Adanya kegiatan pertambangan dapat berdampak pada hilangnya vegetasi di kawasan karst. Karst Citatah merupakan salah satu karst yang aktif dilakukan pertambangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas tumbuhan bawah pada lahan pascatambang dan membandingkannya dengan lahan alami serta korelasinya dengan kondisi lingkungan. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada lahan suksesi (5 tahun dan 1 tahun), lahan revegetasi (30 tahun dan 1 tahun) serta lahan alami. Metode yang digunakan yaitu transek kuadrat dengan membuat petak berukuran 20m×20m, dan 5 buah subplot berukuran 2m×2m. Parameter yang diukur meliputi jumlah spesies dan jumlah individu tiap spesies serta faktor lingkungan diantaranya suhu udara dan tanah, kelembapan udara dan tanah, pH tanah, dan intensitas cahaya. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai kekayaan spesies, kelimpahan individu, indeks nilai penting, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominansi, indeks similaritas dan analisis statistik korelasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 30 famili terdiri dari 75 spesies dan 6.138 individu tumbuhan bawah. Kelimpahan individu tertinggi terdapat pada lahan alami yaitu 1.681 individu, kekayaan jenis tertinggi terdapat pada lahan suksesi 5 tahun yaitu 32 jenis tumbuhan bawah. Oplimenus hirtellus memiliki nilai INP tertinggi yaitu 78,187% . Lahan suksesi 1 tahun memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan keseragaman tertinggi yaitu masing-masing sebesar 2,235 (sedang) dan 0,686 (sedang), sementara nilai indeks dominansi tertinggi terdapat pada lahan revegetasi 30 tahun yaitu 0,476 (rendah). Terdapat korelasi positif antara kelembapan tanah dengan nilai keanekaragaman yaitu 0,405. Hasil analisis similaritas menunjukkan bahwa lahan yang paling mendekati lahan alami yaitu lahan revegetasi 1 tahun dengan nilai 0,275. Kegiatan revegetasi yang dilakukan pada lahan pascatambang batu kapur, efektif mampu mengembalikan biodiversitas tumbuhan bawah. ENGLISH: Karst areas are formed from the dissolution of limestone rocks and are often utilized for mining activities. Mining activities can impact the loss of vegetation in karst areas. Citatah Karst is one of the karsts that is actively mined. This study aims to determine the community structure of understorey plants in post-mining land and compare it with natural land as well as its correlation with environmental conditions. Data collection was conducted in succession land (5 years and 1 year), reforestation land (30 years and 1 year), and natural land. The method used was quadrat transect by creating plots measuring 20m×20m, and 5 subplots measuring 2m×2m. Parameters measured included the number of species and the number of individuals per species as well as environmental factors such as air and soil temperature, air and soil humidity, soil pH, and light intensity. Data analysis was performed by calculating species richness, individual abundance, importance value index, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, similarity index, and correlation statistical analysis. The research found 30 families consisting of 75 species and 6,138 understorey plant individuals. The highest individual abundance was found in natural land, with 1,681 individuals, while the highest species richness was found in the 5-year succession land, with 32 types of understorey plants. Oplimenus hirtellus had the highest IVI, at 78.187%. The 1-year succession land had the highest diversity and evenness index values, at 2.235 (moderate) and 0.686 (moderate), respectively, while the highest dominance index value was in the 30-year reforestation land, at 0.476 (low). There was a positive correlation between soil humidity and diversity index, which was 0.405. The similarity analysis results showed that the land most similar to natural land was the 1-year reforestation land with a value of 0.275. Reforestation activities carried out on post-limestone mining land effectively restored the understorey plant biodiversity.

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