Intertextuality in the movies of Akira Kurosawa's Ikiru and Alexandro Gonzalez's Birdman

Gufron, Ramy Muhamad (2021) Intertextuality in the movies of Akira Kurosawa's Ikiru and Alexandro Gonzalez's Birdman. Sarjana thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

In watching films, the audience must be aware of the use of cinematic elements used by the director, which plays a very important role in building interaction with the audience. Then by understanding the cultural context and social circumstances, the audience can understand the meaning offered in the film. This research found that the hypogram contained in the Birdman film comes from Ikiru. While in the Ikiru film, there is a hypogram from Leo Tolstoy's novel entitled The Death of Ivan Ilyich. This affects whether or not a work is sublime due to cultural factors, social conditions, and ideologies contained in the film. Later discussed alienation characteristic and intertextuality Mise-En-Scene in Ikiru and Birdman. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out the concept of alienation in Ikiru and Birdman (2) To analyze the Intertextual Mise-En-Scene in Ikiru and Birdman. This research used qualitative descriptive method and using Kristeva's theory of Intertextuality which explains that culture fulfills the function of an ideologome, alienation characteristic Sartre (2007) and theory element cinematic Muller (2006) fulfils the function of phenotext and genotext. From the research results, it was found that the scenes are containing alienation Characteristics and Intertextuality Mise-En-Scene. The researcher found four types of Facticity of alienation characteristic Sartre in the Ikiru (1952) and Birdman (2014), namely, My place, My past, My death and My fellowman. Meanwhile, Muller's cinematic element was follows: Framing, Camera Movement, Editing, Camera Angle and Lighting. From the findings, it can be concluded that there are differences in the quality of the alienation characteristics in Ikiru and Birdman. Because in the Birdman film, the characteristic alienation quality tends to be surrealist when faced with facticity, giving the impression of a story beyond reason and colliding with norms. Meanwhile, in the Ikiru film, the characteristic alienation quality tends to fight for humanity so that it builds emotions in the audience and has moral values so as not to waste the joys of life. Dalam menonton film penonton harus menyadari penggunaan elemen sinematik yang digunakan oleh sutradara, yang berperan sangat penting dalam membangun interaksi dengan penonton. Kemudian dengan memahami konteks budaya dan keadaan sosial, penonton dapat memahami makna yang ditawarkan dalam film tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hipogram yang terdapat dalam film Birdman berasal dari Ikiru. Sedangkan dalam film Ikiru terdapat hipogram dari novel Leo Tolstoy yang berjudul The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Hal ini mempengaruhi sublim tidaknya suatu karya karena faktor budaya, kondisi sosial, dan ideologi yang terkandung dalam film tersebut. Kemudian membahas karakteristik alienasi dan intertekstualitas Mise-En-Scene dalam Ikiru dan Birdman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui konsep alienasi dalam Ikiru dan Birdman (2) Untuk menganalisis Intertextual Mise-En-Scene dalam Ikiru dan Birdman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan teori Intertekstualitas Budaya Kristeva memenuhi fungsi ideologi, ciri keterasingan Sartre (2007) dan unsur teori sinematik Muller (2006) memenuhi fungsi fenoteks dan genoteks. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan dalam setiap adegan mengandung Karakteristik Keterasingan dan Intertekstualitas Mise-En-Scene. Peneliti menemukan empat jenis Faktisitas karakteristik keterasingan Sartre dalam Ikiru (1952) dan Birdman (2014), yaitu, My place, Masa past, My death dan My fellowman. Sedangkan unsur sinematik Muller mengikuti Framing, Camera Movement, Editing, Camera Angle dan Lighting. Dari hasil temuan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kualitas karakteristik alienasi pada Ikiru dan Birdman. Karena dalam film Birdman kualitas alienasi yang khas cenderung surealis ketika berhadapan dengan faktisitas, memberi kesan cerita di luar nalar dan bertabrakan dengan norma. Sementara itu, dalam film Ikiru, kualitas karakter alienasi cenderung memperjuangkan kemanusiaan sehingga membangun emosi pada penonton dan memiliki nilai moral agar tidak menyia-nyiakan kegembiraan hidup.

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