Manajemen pendidikan Islam multikultur di pesantren: Penelitian di Pesantren Miftahul Huda Manonjaya Tasikmalaya dan Pesantren El-Bayan Cilacap

Darifah, Udung Hari (2025) Manajemen pendidikan Islam multikultur di pesantren: Penelitian di Pesantren Miftahul Huda Manonjaya Tasikmalaya dan Pesantren El-Bayan Cilacap. Doktoral thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

INDONESIA: Penelitian berangkat dari masalah pendidikan terjadinya banyaknya permasalahan yang diakibatkan dari keberagaman kultur. Tetapi, pesantren dengan karakteristik pendidikannya serta keberagaman kultur ustadz dan santri mampu menyatu dalam satu sistem pendidikan Islam di pesantren. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan analisis lebih mendalam mengenai lingkungan yang harmonis kendati memiliki santri yang memiliki latar belakang kultur yang beragam. Tujuan penelitian untuk melakukan identifikasi; 1)Karakteristik perencanaan pendidikan Islam multikultur, 2)Karakteristik pengorganisasian pendidikan Islam multikultur, 3)Karakteristik pelaksanaan pendidikan Islam multikultur, 4)Karakteristik pengawasan pendidikan Islam multikultur, 5)dampak karakteristik manajemen pendidikan Islam multikultur dalam mencetak santri yang moderat. Kerangka pemikiran penelitian berangkat dari teori manajemen pendidikan multikultural di pesantren yang meliputi; perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan terhadap program pendidikan di pondok pesantren. Dalam mengelola unsur-unsur pendidikan di pondok pesantren dalam; tujuan, nilai, kurikulum, metode pengajaran dan sarana serta dana, yang dilakukan oleh Kiyai ustadz Pengurus Santri akan berdampak pada sikap moderasi beragama pada santri dengan indikasi komitmen kebangsaan, toleransi, anti kekerasan, akomodatif terhadap kebudayaan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Etnografi. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis Miles and Huberman. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa karakteristik manajemen pendidikan multikultur pada pesantren: Pertama,Perencanaan dalam bentuk kurikulum dengan memuat nilai-nilai multikultural, melibatkan berbagai unsur pesantren melalui musyarawarah dan rapat terbuka kajian penyusunan kurikulum, mengintegrasikan kurikulum madrasah dengan pesantren. Kedua,pengorganisasian; adanya pemberdayaan dalam pembinaan pesantren, Sistem tradisional konvensional, Pola pembinaan tergantung sosok kiai, adanya prosedur kerja organisasi. Ketiga, Pelaksanaan pendidikan dilakukan dengan; terstruktur melalui klasifikasi pembelajaran, terencana, terorganisir dan terevaluasi dengan adanya pola dasar pendidikan pesantren, diinternasilisasikan dalam sikap, cara, metode dan keteladan kiai. Keempat, Pengawasan pembelajaran melalui penilaian pembelajaran nila-nilai multikultural, Tes bersifat kontekstual dan komprehensif. Kelima, Dampak karakteristik manajemen pendidikan Islam multikultur dalam mencetak Santri yang mampu bersikap tengah-tengah dengan mengedepankan ukhuwah islamiyah dan basyariyah, bersifat toleran demi terwujudnya Islam rahmatan lil aalamiin. Keenam, temuan Model Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Multikultural Pesantren. ENGLISH: The research is based on the problem of education, and the occurrence of many problems caused by cultural diversity. However, Islamic boarding schools with their educational characteristics and the diversity of the culture of ustadz and students can unite in one Islamic education system in Islamic boarding schools. So researchers are interested in conducting a more in-depth analysis of a harmonious environment despite having students with diverse cultural backgrounds. The purpose of the study is to identify; 1) Characteristics of multicultural Islamic education planning, 2) Characteristics of organizing multicultural Islamic education, 3) Characteristics of implementing multicultural Islamic education, 4) Characteristics of supervising multicultural Islamic education, 5) the impact of the characteristics of multicultural Islamic education management in producing moderate students. The research framework is based on the theory of multicultural education management in Islamic boarding schools which includes; planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising educational programs in Islamic boarding schools. Managing the elements of education in Islamic boarding schools in; objectives, values, curriculum, teaching methods and facilities, and funds, carried out by the Kiai, Ustadz, Pengurus, Santri, will have an impact on the attitude of religious moderation in students with indications of national commitment, tolerance, anti- violence, accommodating to local culture. This study uses a qualitative approach with Ethnography. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. The validity test is carried out with data validity by conducting tests on credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results of the study found that the characteristics of multicultural education management in Islamic boarding schools: First, Planning in the form of a curriculum containing multicultural values, involving various elements of Islamic boarding schools through deliberation and open meetings for curriculum preparation studies, integrating the madrasah curriculum with Islamic boarding schools. Second, organizing; there is empowerment in fostering Islamic boarding schools, Conventional traditional systems, Guidance patterns depending on the figure of the kiai, and the existence of organizational work procedures. Third, the Implementation of education is carried out; structured through learning classification, planned, organized, and evaluated with the basic pattern of Islamic boarding school education, internalized in the attitudes, methods, methods and exemplary behavior of the kiai. Fourth, Supervision of learning through assessment of learning of multicultural values, Tests are contextual and comprehensive. Fifth, The impact of the characteristics of multicultural Islamic education management in producing students who can act in the middle by prioritizing Islamic brotherhood and basyariyah, are tolerant for the sake of realizing Islam rahmatan lil aalamiin: Sixth,the findings of the Islamic Multicultural Education Management Model of Islamic Boarding Schools.

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